Sale reports / Arkansas / Ash Flat Livestock Auction Inc. / 2025-01-24

Ash Flat Livestock Auction Inc.

Name: Ash Flat Livestock Auction Inc. livestock auction prices — 2025-01-24
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2025-01-24

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Ash Flat, Arkansas · Fri, Jan 24

● Final99 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 2059

← Jan 17Jan 24Jan 31 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

472 head

▼ 990 vs last sale 1,462▲ 472 vs year ago 0 · no sale a year ago

Slaughter Cattle receipts

85 head

▲ 9 vs last sale 76▲ 85 vs year ago 0 · no sale a year ago

Replacement Cattle receipts

20 head

▼ 40 vs last sale 60▲ 20 vs year ago 0 · no sale a year ago

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last week, this week's sale followed a pre-vac sale last week, with lighter offerings on weaned calves, but demand was strong on feeders, feeder steers and bulls 300lb-400lb sold $18.00-$22.00 higher, while 500lb-600lb sold steady. Steers over 700lb sold $9.00-$10.00 higher, while feeder heifers sold $8.00-$11.00 higher. Slaughter cattle sold $2.00-$3.00 higher with a strong demand.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Heifers · summary 500–600 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

500–600 lb heifers averaged $278.26/cwt on 52 head. That ranks 1 of 29 comparable sales and sits −116.71 against this barn's trailing median of $394.97.

Average price

$278.26

52 head · 549 lb average

Value per head Derived

$1,528

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$159

per head · Medium and Large 1 over Medium and Large 2

$19.99/cwt at this weight

vs the market

−0.54

vs AR average

−26.16 vs national

Price by quality 500–600 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1	552	281.95	1,557	42
Medium and Large 1-2	545	270.00	1,472	1thin
Medium and Large 2	534	261.96	1,398	9thin

One grade step is worth $19.99/cwt here — about $159 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 200–300 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 500–600 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale52 hd

278.26

—

AR average10 barns · 304 hd

278.79

−0.54

National average149 barns · 17,148 hd

304.42

−26.16

This barn, trailing median29 sales

394.97

−116.71

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

This barn's trailing prices 500–600 lb

29 sales

Heifers 500–600 lb: high $421.86, low $308.40, median $394.97 across 29 sales. Sales under 10 head in this class are excluded, so a thin day cannot swing the median or the ranking.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	High	1,797	161.28	2,898	6thin
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Low	1,487	131.44	1,954	5thin
Cows	Boner 80-85%	High	1,297	128.09	1,661	29
Cows	Lean 85-90%	High	1,094	108.61	1,188	18

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,300	$2,050	1thin
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,153	$2,046	2thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,148	$1,962	3thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,095	$1,700	1thin
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	990	$1,550	1thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,300	$2,600	1thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,150	$2,504	2thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,150	$2,152	2thin

Every lot

99 lots · USDA AMS · Ash Flat Livestock Auction - Ash Flat, AR

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers28 lots · lightest first
Steers	300–350	Medium and Large 1	319	440.84/cwt	425.00–455.00	1,406	4
Steers	350–400	Medium and Large 1	368	420.00/cwt	420.00–420.00	1,546	2
Steers	400–450	Medium and Large 2	413	312.42/cwt	300.00–325.00	1,290	2
Steers	400–450	Medium and Large 1	429	388.91/cwt	375.00–400.00	1,668	4
Steers	400–450	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	435	346.32/cwt	340.00–352.50	1,506	2
Steers	450–500	Medium and Large 2	465	327.10/cwt	315.00–340.00	1,521	2
Steers	450–500	Medium and Large 1	476	345.99/cwt	335.00–365.00	1,647	12
Steers	450–500	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	490	330.00/cwt	330.00–330.00	1,617	1
Steers	500–550	Medium and Large 1	513	330.89/cwt	320.00–340.00	1,697	5
Steers	500–550	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	530	310.00/cwt	310.00–310.00	1,643	1
Steers	500–550	Medium and Large 2	535	279.81/cwt	270.00–290.00	1,497	2
Steers	550–600	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	560	305.00/cwt	305.00–305.00	1,708	1
Steers	550–600	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	570	262.24/cwt	255.00–270.00	1,495	2
Steers	550–600	Medium and Large 2	580	287.50/cwt	287.50–287.50	1,668	1
Steers	550–600	Medium and Large 1	588	315.60/cwt	311.00–340.00	1,856	6
Steers	600–650	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	618	267.49/cwt	265.00–270.00	1,653	2
Steers	600–650	Medium and Large 1	628	291.66/cwt	290.00–292.50	1,832	3
Steers	600–650	Medium and Large 2	638	277.50/cwt	277.50–277.50	1,770	2
Steers	600–650	Medium and Large 2Fleshy	640	240.00/cwt	240.00–240.00	1,536	1
Steers	650–700	Medium and Large 1	666	287.50/cwt	282.50–292.50	1,915	9
Steers	650–700	Medium and Large 2	680	255.00/cwt	250.00–260.00	1,734	2
Steers	700–750	Medium and Large 1	715	285.19/cwt	270.00–295.00	2,039	11
Steers	700–750	Medium and Large 2	732	258.93/cwt	256.00–267.50	1,895	4
Steers	750–800	Medium and Large 1-2	768	255.00/cwt	255.00–255.00	1,958	3
Steers	750–800	Medium and Large 2	778	235.05/cwt	230.00–240.00	1,829	2
Steers	750–800	Medium and Large 1	779	272.36/cwt	272.00–275.00	2,122	8
Steers	850–900	Medium and Large 1	865	247.50/cwt	247.50–247.50	2,141	1
Steers	1250–1300	Medium and Large 1	1,285	200.00/cwt	200.00–200.00	2,570	1
Feeder Cattle · Heifers26 lots · lightest first
Heifers	250–300	Medium and Large 1	275	365.00/cwt	365.00–365.00	1,004	1
Heifers	250–300	Medium and Large 2	295	325.00/cwt	325.00–325.00	959	1
Heifers	300–350	Medium and Large 2	325	293.51/cwt	270.00–325.00	954	3
Heifers	350–400	Medium and Large 2	365	322.40/cwt	315.00–325.00	1,177	4
Heifers	350–400	Medium and Large 1	385	344.04/cwt	325.00–355.00	1,325	11
Heifers	350–400	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	390	332.47/cwt	330.00–335.00	1,297	2
Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	417	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	1,251	3
Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 1	421	323.89/cwt	310.00–335.00	1,364	10
Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 2	430	279.93/cwt	270.00–290.00	1,204	8
Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 1-2	445	315.00/cwt	315.00–315.00	1,402	2
Heifers	450–500	Medium and Large 1	459	293.55/cwt	290.00–300.00	1,347	7
Heifers	450–500	Medium and Large 1-2	478	290.00/cwt	290.00–290.00	1,386	2
Heifers	450–500	Medium and Large 2	478	266.45/cwt	252.50–280.00	1,274	5
Heifers	500–550	Medium and Large 2	526	262.83/cwt	250.00–270.00	1,382	8
Heifers	500–550	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	533	272.39/cwt	265.00–280.00	1,452	2
Heifers	500–550	Medium and Large 1	535	290.13/cwt	287.50–300.00	1,552	22
Heifers	500–550	Medium and Large 1-2	545	270.00/cwt	270.00–270.00	1,472	1
Heifers	550–600	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	565	262.38/cwt	257.50–270.00	1,482	3
Heifers	550–600	Medium and Large 1	578	275.13/cwt	270.00–280.00	1,590	15
Heifers	550–600	Medium and Large 2	595	255.00/cwt	255.00–255.00	1,517	1
Heifers	600–650	Medium and Large 2	631	245.43/cwt	240.00–257.50	1,549	5
Heifers	600–650	Medium and Large 1	632	271.65/cwt	267.50–280.00	1,717	3
Heifers	650–700	Medium and Large 1	673	261.41/cwt	252.50–267.50	1,759	5
Heifers	750–800	Medium and Large 1	765	260.10/cwt	242.50–272.50	1,990	3
Heifers	850–900	Medium and Large 1	850	230.00/cwt	230.00–230.00	1,955	1
Heifers	900–950	Medium and Large 1	910	215.00/cwt	215.00–215.00	1,957	1
Feeder Cattle · Bulls23 lots · lightest first
Bulls	300–350	Medium and Large 1	334	424.61/cwt	400.00–440.00	1,418	5
Bulls	350–400	Medium and Large 1	374	405.54/cwt	385.00–420.00	1,517	7
Bulls	350–400	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	390	371.69/cwt	370.00–375.00	1,450	3
Bulls	350–400	Medium and Large 2	395	350.00/cwt	350.00–350.00	1,383	1
Bulls	400–450	Medium and Large 1	418	391.43/cwt	375.00–400.00	1,636	3
Bulls	400–450	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	425	355.00/cwt	355.00–355.00	1,509	2
Bulls	400–450	Medium and Large 1-2	436	357.47/cwt	340.00–360.00	1,559	8
Bulls	400–450	Medium and Large 2	440	311.69/cwt	300.00–330.00	1,371	3
Bulls	450–500	Medium and Large 1	462	350.41/cwt	330.00–375.00	1,619	12
Bulls	450–500	Medium and Large 2	470	315.00/cwt	305.00–325.00	1,481	4
Bulls	450–500	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	477	328.39/cwt	325.00–335.00	1,566	3
Bulls	500–550	Medium and Large 1	522	321.94/cwt	300.00–335.00	1,681	15
Bulls	500–550	Medium and Large 2	528	291.03/cwt	280.00–305.00	1,537	6
Bulls	500–550	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	530	302.57/cwt	300.00–305.00	1,604	2
Bulls	550–600	Medium and Large 1	584	307.28/cwt	295.00–325.00	1,795	4
Bulls	550–600	Medium and Large 2	590	250.00/cwt	250.00–250.00	1,475	1
Bulls	600–650	Medium and Large 2	628	261.03/cwt	242.50–275.00	1,639	4
Bulls	600–650	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	635	262.50/cwt	262.50–262.50	1,667	1
Bulls	650–700	Medium and Large 1Thin Fleshed	675	290.00/cwt	290.00–290.00	1,958	1
Bulls	650–700	Medium and Large 1	678	267.31/cwt	260.00–275.00	1,812	2
Bulls	700–750	Medium and Large 2	700	232.50/cwt	232.50–232.50	1,628	1
Bulls	700–750	Medium and Large 1	720	260.00/cwt	260.00–260.00	1,872	1
Bulls	800–850	Medium and Large 1	815	250.00/cwt	250.00–250.00	2,038	1
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls2 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,708	169.01/cwt	168.00–170.00	2,887	2
Bulls	—	—	1,841	157.42/cwt	150.00–165.00	2,898	4
Slaughter Cattle · Cows10 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	825	89.00/cwt	89.00–89.00	734	2
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,080	102.64/cwt	97.00–107.00	1,109	6
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,115	110.68/cwt	109.00–113.00	1,234	5
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,196	121.53/cwt	117.00–125.00	1,453	5
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,273	143.89/cwt	143.00–145.00	1,832	2
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,295	128.90/cwt	125.00–135.00	1,669	21
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,310	120.00/cwt	117.00–121.00	1,572	6
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,448	131.06/cwt	129.00–133.00	1,898	3
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,515	137.00/cwt	137.00–137.00	2,076	1
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,575	127.00/cwt	127.00–127.00	2,000	1
Replacement Cattle · Bulls1 lot · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,905	185.00/cwt	185.00–185.00	3,524	1
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows5 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	990	1,550.00/head	1,550.00–1,550.00	1,550	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,095	1,700.00/head	1,700.00–1,700.00	1,700	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,148	1,962.05/head	1,600.00–2,350.00	1,962	3
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,153	2,045.55/head	2,000.00–2,100.00	2,046	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,300	2,050.00/head	2,050.00–2,050.00	2,050	1
Replacement Cattle · Cow-Calf Pairs3 lots · lightest first
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,150	2,504.35/head	2,400.00–2,600.00	2,504	2
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,150	2,152.17/head	2,100.00–2,200.00	2,152	2
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,300	2,600.00/head	2,600.00–2,600.00	2,600	1
Replacement Cattle · Stock Cows1 lot · lightest first
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	933	151.75/cwt	142.50–167.50	1,416	2

This sale against other markets

Arkansas weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Arkansas auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Arkansas feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Ash Flat Livestock Auction - Ash Flat, AR

Fri Jan 24, 2025

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Little Rock, AR (LS-LR)

Feeder CattleReceipts 472Last week 1,462Year ago 0

Slaughter CattleReceipts 85Last week 76Year ago 0

Replacement CattleReceipts 20Last week 60Year ago 0

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
3	350–400	390	370.00–375.00	371.69
2	400–450	425	355.00	355.00
3	450–500	477	325.00–335.00	328.39
2	500–550	530	300.00–305.00	302.57
1	600–650	635	262.50	262.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	350–400	395	350.00	350.00
3	400–450	440	300.00–330.00	311.69
4	450–500	470	305.00–325.00	315.00
6	500–550	528	280.00–305.00	291.03
1	550–600	590	250.00	250.00
4	600–650	628	242.50–275.00	261.03
1	700–750	700	232.50	232.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
5	300–350	334	400.00–440.00	424.61
7	350–400	374	385.00–420.00	405.54
3	400–450	418	375.00–400.00	391.43
12	450–500	462	330.00–375.00	350.41
15	500–550	522	300.00–335.00	321.94
4	550–600	584	295.00–325.00	307.28
2	650–700	678	260.00–275.00	267.31
1	700–750	720	260.00	260.00
1	800–850	815	250.00	250.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
8	400–450	436	340.00–360.00	357.47

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
1	650–700	675	290.00	290.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	400–450	413	300.00–325.00	312.42
2	450–500	465	315.00–340.00	327.10
2	500–550	535	270.00–290.00	279.81
1	550–600	580	287.50	287.50
2	600–650	638	277.50	277.50
2	650–700	680	250.00–260.00	255.00
4	700–750	732	256.00–267.50	258.93
2	750–800	778	230.00–240.00	235.05

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
4	300–350	319	425.00–455.00	440.84
2	350–400	368	420.00	420.00
4	400–450	429	375.00–400.00	388.91
12	450–500	476	335.00–365.00	345.99
5	500–550	513	320.00–340.00	330.89
6	550–600	588	311.00–340.00	315.60
3	600–650	628	290.00–292.50	291.66
9	650–700	666	282.50–292.50	287.50
11	700–750	715	270.00–295.00	285.19
8	750–800	779	272.00–275.00	272.36
1	850–900	865	247.50	247.50
1	1250–1300	1,285	200.00	200.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
1	600–650	640	240.00	240.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
1	500–550	530	310.00	310.00
1	550–600	560	305.00	305.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
2	400–450	435	340.00–352.50	346.32
1	450–500	490	330.00	330.00
2	550–600	570	255.00–270.00	262.24
2	600–650	618	265.00–270.00	267.49

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
3	750–800	768	255.00	255.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	250–300	295	325.00	325.00
3	300–350	325	270.00–325.00	293.51
4	350–400	365	315.00–325.00	322.40
8	400–450	430	270.00–290.00	279.93
5	450–500	478	252.50–280.00	266.45
8	500–550	526	250.00–270.00	262.83
1	550–600	595	255.00	255.00
5	600–650	631	240.00–257.50	245.43

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
3	400–450	417	300.00	300.00
2	500–550	533	265.00–280.00	272.39
3	550–600	565	257.50–270.00	262.38

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
2	350–400	390	330.00–335.00	332.47

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
1	250–300	275	365.00	365.00
11	350–400	385	325.00–355.00	344.04
10	400–450	421	310.00–335.00	323.89
7	450–500	459	290.00–300.00	293.55
22	500–550	535	287.50–300.00	290.13
15	550–600	578	270.00–280.00	275.13
3	600–650	632	267.50–280.00	271.65
5	650–700	673	252.50–267.50	261.41
3	750–800	765	242.50–272.50	260.10
1	850–900	850	230.00	230.00
1	900–950	910	215.00	215.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	400–450	445	315.00	315.00
2	450–500	478	290.00	290.00
1	500–550	545	270.00	270.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	1,708	168.00–170.00	169.01
4	—	1,841	150.00–165.00	157.42

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	1,273	143.00–145.00	143.89
6	—	1,310	117.00–121.00	120.00
21	—	1,295	125.00–135.00	128.90

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,575	127.00	127.00
1	—	1,515	137.00	137.00
3	—	1,448	129.00–133.00	131.06

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
5	—	1,196	117.00–125.00	121.53
6	—	1,080	97.00–107.00	102.64
2	—	825	89.00	89.00
5	—	1,115	109.00–113.00	110.68

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	3	—	1,148	1,600.00–2,350.00	1,962.05
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	990	1,550.00	1,550.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,095	1,700.00	1,700.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,300	2,050.00	2,050.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	2	—	1,153	2,000.00–2,100.00	2,045.55

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	1,150	2,400.00–2,600.00	2,504.35
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	2	—	1,150	2,100.00–2,200.00	2,152.17
Aged (>8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,300	2,600.00	2,600.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	N/A	1	—	1,905	185.00	185.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	933	142.50–167.50	151.75

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.