Sale reports / Arkansas / I-40 Livestock Auction / 2020-05-07

I-40 Livestock Auction

Name: I-40 Livestock Auction livestock auction prices — 2020-05-07
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2020-05-07

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Ozark, Arkansas · Thu, May 7

● Final110 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 2053

← Apr 30May 7May 14 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

706 head

▲ 282 vs last sale 424▲ 706 vs year ago 0 · no sale a year ago

Slaughter Cattle receipts

69 head

▼ 7 vs last sale 76▲ 69 vs year ago 0 · no sale a year ago

Replacement Cattle receipts

74 head

▲ 26 vs last sale 48▲ 74 vs year ago 0 · no sale a year ago

Also sold hereFeeder Cattle Pot Load SaleTue Sep 15, 2026

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last week: Feeder steers under 500 lbs sold sold 3.00-4.00 higher, over 500 lbs sold 1.00-3.00 lower. Feeder heifers under 400 lbs sold 1.00 lower, over 400 lbs sold 4.00-7.00 higher. Slaughter cows sold 1.00 higher. Slaughter bulls sold 5.00 higher.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Steers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb steers averaged $148.97/cwt on 242 head.

Average price

$148.97

242 head · 455 lb average

Value per head Derived

$678

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$193

per head · Medium and Large 1 over Medium and Large 3

$40.92/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+7.76

vs AR average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1	462	154.47	713	147
Medium and Large 1-2	434	153.06	664	9thin
Medium and Large 2	446	140.07	624	83
Medium and Large 3	458	113.55	520	3thin

One grade step is worth $40.92/cwt here — about $193 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale242 hd

148.97

—

AR average8 barns · 1,430 hd

141.22

+7.76

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	Average	1,757	92.45	1,624	8thin
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,302	61.22	797	8thin
Cows	Lean 85-90%	High	1,042	54.01	563	20
Cows	Boner 80-85%	Very Low	1,077	53.60	577	29

Every lot

110 lots · USDA AMS · I-40 Livestock - Ozark, AR

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers31 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	295	160.00/cwt	160.00–160.00	472	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	324	167.66/cwt	161.00–181.00	543	13
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	326	149.52/cwt	140.00–160.00	487	15
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	374	167.50/cwt	160.00–172.50	626	26
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	382	150.25/cwt	135.00–159.50	574	17
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	385	173.00/cwt	173.00–173.00	666	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	418	167.29/cwt	165.00–170.00	699	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	421	152.50/cwt	152.50–152.50	642	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	424	157.54/cwt	150.00–164.00	668	39
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	431	146.91/cwt	134.00–162.50	633	12
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	444	153.50/cwt	153.50–153.50	682	5
Steers	—	Medium and Large 3	458	113.55/cwt	90.00–125.00	520	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	474	137.71/cwt	127.00–148.00	653	24
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	478	149.46/cwt	143.00–161.00	714	23
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2Full	495	124.00/cwt	124.00–124.00	614	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	510	158.89/cwt	155.00–160.00	810	9
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	520	143.43/cwt	139.00–152.00	746	14
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	525	127.62/cwt	121.00–134.00	670	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	568	139.66/cwt	132.00–144.00	793	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	578	118.26/cwt	110.00–128.00	684	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	605	115.50/cwt	115.00–116.00	699	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	615	123.00/cwt	123.00–123.00	756	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	655	128.00/cwt	128.00–128.00	838	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	670	109.04/cwt	103.00–115.00	731	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	685	130.00/cwt	130.00–130.00	891	5
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	700	110.00/cwt	110.00–110.00	770	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	735	126.00/cwt	126.00–126.00	926	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	766	128.50/cwt	128.50–128.50	984	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	785	113.00/cwt	113.00–113.00	887	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	860	112.00/cwt	112.00–112.00	963	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	970	107.00/cwt	107.00–107.00	1,038	1
Feeder Cattle · Heifers28 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	283	151.31/cwt	150.00–152.50	428	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	323	137.33/cwt	135.00–140.00	444	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	328	133.53/cwt	122.50–138.00	438	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	334	142.67/cwt	140.00–145.00	477	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	370	117.00/cwt	117.00–117.00	433	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	372	142.06/cwt	137.50–146.00	528	26
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	385	130.77/cwt	115.00–137.50	503	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	405	142.50/cwt	142.50–142.50	577	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	426	127.99/cwt	120.00–137.00	545	7
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	428	140.06/cwt	134.00–145.00	599	31
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	472	128.52/cwt	122.00–135.00	607	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	474	136.37/cwt	129.00–143.00	646	29
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	478	114.62/cwt	110.00–119.00	548	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	485	133.00/cwt	133.00–133.00	645	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	495	132.00/cwt	132.00–132.00	653	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	523	114.54/cwt	106.00–119.00	599	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	531	131.57/cwt	123.00–135.00	699	32
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	571	124.89/cwt	123.00–127.00	713	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	577	129.33/cwt	128.00–131.00	746	26
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	585	112.53/cwt	111.00–114.00	658	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	621	123.50/cwt	123.50–123.50	767	7
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	621	122.44/cwt	117.00–127.00	760	8
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	630	109.30/cwt	104.00–112.00	689	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	672	119.99/cwt	119.00–121.00	806	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	682	110.49/cwt	107.00–115.00	754	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	725	117.00/cwt	117.00–117.00	848	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	730	111.00/cwt	111.00–111.00	810	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	790	109.00/cwt	109.00–109.00	861	1
Feeder Cattle · Bulls14 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	478	127.62/cwt	120.00–135.00	610	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	527	134.68/cwt	125.00–140.00	710	17
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	535	110.00/cwt	110.00–110.00	589	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	580	110.00/cwt	101.00–119.00	638	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	582	127.99/cwt	122.00–136.00	745	19
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	626	123.14/cwt	118.00–129.00	771	11
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	630	106.00/cwt	106.00–106.00	668	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	673	118.19/cwt	114.00–127.00	795	7
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	678	109.66/cwt	109.00–111.00	743	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	705	119.00/cwt	119.00–119.00	839	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	743	93.97/cwt	85.00–103.00	698	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	763	109.98/cwt	105.00–120.00	839	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	810	104.00/cwt	104.00–104.00	842	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	945	101.00/cwt	101.00–101.00	954	1
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls2 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,729	94.36/cwt	93.00–96.00	1,631	6
Bulls	—	—	1,840	86.72/cwt	83.50–89.00	1,596	2
Slaughter Cattle · Cows10 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Light Weight	775	46.00/cwt	46.00–46.00	357	1
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	802	41.90/cwt	35.00–45.00	336	3
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	978	50.22/cwt	47.00–52.00	491	10
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,009	48.88/cwt	47.00–50.50	493	6
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,058	57.58/cwt	56.00–59.50	609	5
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,114	55.72/cwt	53.50–58.00	621	16
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,235	61.00/cwt	59.00–62.50	753	4
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,250	61.03/cwt	60.00–62.00	763	4
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,297	62.45/cwt	61.00–63.50	810	6
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,318	57.52/cwt	56.00–59.00	758	2
Replacement Cattle · Stock Cows3 lots · lightest first
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	875	63.00/cwt	63.00–63.00	551	1
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	893	86.77/cwt	80.00–96.00	775	4
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	993	57.18/cwt	56.50–58.00	568	2
Replacement Cattle · Bred Heifers3 lots · lightest first
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	885	750.00/cwt	750.00–750.00	6,638	1
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	925	952.70/cwt	850.00–1,050.00	8,812	2
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	950	875.00/cwt	875.00–875.00	8,313	1
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows12 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	915	650.00/cwt	650.00–650.00	5,948	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,000	940.63/cwt	875.00–1,000.00	9,406	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,049	830.93/cwt	625.00–975.00	8,716	5
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,050	68.00/cwt	68.00–68.00	714	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,080	59.00/cwt	59.00–59.00	637	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,088	1,041.52/cwt	975.00–1,100.00	11,332	4
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,090	59.00/cwt	59.00–59.00	643	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,186	917.68/cwt	700.00–1,075.00	10,884	12
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,188	63.70/cwt	62.00–67.00	757	10
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,270	62.00/cwt	62.00–62.00	787	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,335	63.50/cwt	63.50–63.50	848	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,370	979.84/cwt	850.00–1,075.00	13,424	3
Replacement Cattle · Cow-Calf Pairs7 lots · lightest first
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	780	700.00/cwt	700.00–700.00	5,460	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	958	910.00/cwt	875.00–950.00	8,718	3
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	994	1,067.14/cwt	875.00–1,200.00	10,607	4
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,000	875.00/cwt	875.00–875.00	8,750	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,043	951.96/cwt	825.00–1,050.00	9,929	6
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,089	917.22/cwt	900.00–975.00	9,989	4
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,115	826.01/cwt	750.00–900.00	9,210	2

This sale against other markets

Arkansas weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Arkansas auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Arkansas feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

I-40 Livestock - Ozark, AR

Thu May 7, 2020

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Little Rock, AR (LS-LR)

Feeder CattleReceipts 706Last week 424Year ago 0

Slaughter CattleReceipts 69Last week 76Year ago 0

Replacement CattleReceipts 74Last week 48Year ago 0

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	673	114.00–127.00	118.19
11	—	626	118.00–129.00	123.14
17	—	527	125.00–140.00	134.68
19	—	582	122.00–136.00	127.99
3	—	763	105.00–120.00	109.98
1	—	945	101.00	101.00
1	—	810	104.00	104.00
1	—	705	119.00	119.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	535	110.00	110.00
1	—	630	106.00	106.00
2	—	478	120.00–135.00	127.62
2	—	580	101.00–119.00	110.00
2	—	743	85.00–103.00	93.97
3	—	678	109.00–111.00	109.66

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	730	111.00	111.00
2	—	283	150.00–152.50	151.31
6	—	682	107.00–115.00	110.49
8	—	621	117.00–127.00	122.44
9	—	334	140.00–145.00	142.67
9	—	571	123.00–127.00	124.89
26	—	372	137.50–146.00	142.06
32	—	531	123.00–135.00	131.57
31	—	428	134.00–145.00	140.06
29	—	474	129.00–143.00	136.37

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	478	110.00–119.00	114.62
1	—	370	117.00	117.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	323	135.00–140.00	137.33
1	—	405	142.50	142.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
9	—	472	122.00–135.00	128.52
7	—	426	120.00–137.00	127.99
6	—	328	122.50–138.00	133.53
4	—	630	104.00–112.00	109.30
4	—	523	106.00–119.00	114.54
4	—	385	115.00–137.50	130.77
2	—	585	111.00–114.00	112.53

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	495	132.00	132.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	621	123.50	123.50
5	—	485	133.00	133.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
26	—	577	128.00–131.00	129.33
3	—	672	119.00–121.00	119.99
1	—	790	109.00	109.00
1	—	725	117.00	117.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	735	126.00	126.00
1	—	860	112.00	112.00
1	—	970	107.00	107.00
1	—	655	128.00	128.00
1	—	615	123.00	123.00
1	—	295	160.00	160.00
4	—	568	132.00–144.00	139.66
4	—	766	128.50	128.50
13	—	324	161.00–181.00	167.66
14	—	520	139.00–152.00	143.43
23	—	478	143.00–161.00	149.46
26	—	374	160.00–172.50	167.50
39	—	424	150.00–164.00	157.54

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
12	—	431	134.00–162.50	146.91
6	—	578	110.00–128.00	118.26
2	—	670	103.00–115.00	109.04
2	—	605	115.00–116.00	115.50
2	—	525	121.00–134.00	127.62
1	—	785	113.00	113.00
1	—	700	110.00	110.00
15	—	326	140.00–160.00	149.52
17	—	382	135.00–159.50	150.25
24	—	474	127.00–148.00	137.71

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2 · Full$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	495	124.00	124.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
5	—	444	153.50	153.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	421	152.50	152.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	458	90.00–125.00	113.55

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	385	173.00	173.00
3	—	418	165.00–170.00	167.29
5	—	685	130.00	130.00
9	—	510	155.00–160.00	158.89

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	875	63.00	63.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	2	—	993	56.50–58.00	57.18
(<2 yrs)	Open	4	—	893	80.00–96.00	86.77

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	950	875.00	875.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	2	—	925	850.00–1,050.00	952.70
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	885	750.00	750.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	12	—	1,186	700.00–1,075.00	917.68
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	4	—	1,088	975.00–1,100.00	1,041.52
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	5	—	1,049	625.00–975.00	830.93
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	2	—	1,000	875.00–1,000.00	940.63
Aged (>8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	3	—	1,370	850.00–1,075.00	979.84
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	915	650.00	650.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,090	59.00	59.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,050	68.00	68.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,335	63.50	63.50
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,080	59.00	59.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	10	—	1,188	62.00–67.00	63.70
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,270	62.00	62.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	780	700.00	700.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	2	—	1,115	750.00–900.00	826.01
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	4	—	1,089	900.00–975.00	917.22
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	3	—	958	875.00–950.00	910.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	4	—	994	875.00–1,200.00	1,067.14
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,000	875.00	875.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	6	—	1,043	825.00–1,050.00	951.96

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	1,840	83.50–89.00	86.72
6	—	1,729	93.00–96.00	94.36

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	802	35.00–45.00	41.90
4	—	1,235	59.00–62.50	61.00
6	—	1,009	47.00–50.50	48.88
16	—	1,114	53.50–58.00	55.72

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	1,318	56.00–59.00	57.52
6	—	1,297	61.00–63.50	62.45

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	1,250	60.00–62.00	61.03
5	—	1,058	56.00–59.50	57.58
10	—	978	47.00–52.00	50.22

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90% · Light Weight$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	775	46.00	46.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.