Sale reports / Kentucky / Lexington Livestock Auction - Kentucky / 2020-09-28

Lexington Livestock Auction - Kentucky

Name: Lexington Livestock Auction - Kentucky livestock auction prices — 2020-09-28
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2020-09-28

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Lexington, Kentucky · Mon, Sep 28

● Final120 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 2127

← Sep 21Sep 28Oct 5 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

596 head

▼ 136 vs last sale 732▼ 55 vs year ago 651 · −8.4%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

165 head

▲ 52 vs last sale 113▲ 15 vs year ago 150 · +10.0%

Replacement Cattle receipts

7 head

▼ 25 vs last sale 32▼ 13 vs year ago 20 · −65.0%

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last Monday feeder steers and heifers sold unevenly steady with moderate demand for good quality weaned offerings; light demand for fleshy, off-colored and bawling calves. Softer undertone on yearlings in a light test. Slaughter cows and slaughter bulls sold 1.00 to 2.00 lower under heavy supply with moderate demand.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Steers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb steers averaged $137.41/cwt on 190 head.

Average price

$137.41

190 head · 584 lb average

Value per head Derived

$803

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

−$15

per head · Medium and Large 1-2 over Large 1-2

$19.95/cwt at this weight

vs the market

−0.78

vs KY average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1-2	583	139.20	812	167
Medium and Large 2-3	585	125.79	736	18thin
Small and Medium 1-2	320	120.00	384	1thin
Large 1-2	694	119.25	827	4thin

One grade step is worth $19.95/cwt here — about −$15 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale190 hd

137.41

—

KY average24 barns · 5,056 hd

138.18

−0.78

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	Average	1,649	87.53	1,444	16
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	High	1,450	61.66	894	32
Cows	Boner 80-85%	High	1,235	60.21	744	46
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Average	1,031	49.93	515	28

Every lot

120 lots · USDA AMS · Blue Grass Stockyards (Monday) - Lexington, KY

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers32 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Small and Medium 1-2	320	120.00/cwt	120.00–120.00	384	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	337	160.00/cwt	160.00–160.00	539	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	340	147.00/cwt	147.00–147.00	500	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	395	149.00/cwt	149.00–149.00	589	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	410	131.00/cwt	131.00–131.00	537	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	416	144.52/cwt	143.00–146.00	601	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	431	149.30/cwt	147.00–151.00	643	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	479	145.25/cwt	143.00–147.00	696	17
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	485	148.93/cwt	147.00–151.00	722	17
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	520	129.00/cwt	129.00–129.00	671	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	521	136.17/cwt	132.00–139.00	709	14
Steers	—	Large 1-2	522	130.00/cwt	130.00–130.00	679	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	533	146.95/cwt	142.00–151.00	783	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	559	132.71/cwt	131.00–137.00	742	10
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	571	146.27/cwt	143.00–151.00	835	28
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	575	128.45/cwt	127.00–129.00	739	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	603	128.01/cwt	125.00–136.00	772	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	604	138.00/cwt	137.00–140.00	834	8
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	612	122.00/cwt	122.00–122.00	747	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	669	138.00/cwt	138.00–138.00	923	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	670	120.00/cwt	120.00–120.00	804	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	672	127.12/cwt	125.50–129.50	854	15
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	712	117.00/cwt	117.00–117.00	833	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	719	123.25/cwt	121.00–126.00	886	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	773	122.00/cwt	121.00–124.00	943	3
Steers	—	Large 1-2	785	113.00/cwt	113.00–113.00	887	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	840	126.00/cwt	126.00–126.00	1,058	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	860	129.85/cwt	120.00–133.00	1,117	12
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	907	125.00/cwt	125.00–125.00	1,134	2
Steers	—	Large 1-2	945	104.00/cwt	104.00–104.00	983	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	950	115.00/cwt	115.00–115.00	1,093	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	985	100.00/cwt	100.00–100.00	985	1
Feeder Cattle · Heifers37 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	238	132.50/cwt	132.50–132.50	315	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	268	130.00/cwt	130.00–130.00	348	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	280	115.00/cwt	115.00–115.00	322	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	327	115.37/cwt	113.00–117.00	377	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	340	130.00/cwt	130.00–130.00	442	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	372	124.31/cwt	120.00–131.00	462	10
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	384	110.47/cwt	108.00–115.00	424	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	410	114.00/cwt	111.00–117.00	467	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	424	132.50/cwt	132.50–132.50	562	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	431	125.39/cwt	120.00–131.00	540	17
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	472	125.87/cwt	123.00–130.00	594	18
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	481	115.01/cwt	110.00–119.00	553	4
Heifers	—	Small and Medium 1-2	490	102.00/cwt	102.00–102.00	500	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	515	127.47/cwt	125.00–129.50	656	10
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	516	116.00/cwt	116.00–116.00	599	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	520	124.06/cwt	115.00–126.00	645	23
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	570	110.00/cwt	110.00–110.00	627	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	571	127.77/cwt	125.00–130.00	730	18
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	572	125.23/cwt	123.00–127.00	716	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	615	112.27/cwt	110.00–117.00	690	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	615	109.00/cwt	106.00–110.00	670	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Guaranteed Open	626	125.28/cwt	123.00–128.00	784	10
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Guaranteed Open	651	124.14/cwt	123.00–125.00	808	7
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	675	105.33/cwt	100.00–108.00	711	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	676	115.20/cwt	114.00–116.00	779	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	702	108.35/cwt	105.00–115.00	761	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	733	98.00/cwt	98.00–98.00	718	3
Heifers	—	Large 1-2	750	94.00/cwt	94.00–94.00	705	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	799	104.00/cwt	104.00–104.00	831	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Guaranteed Open	800	109.00/cwt	109.00–109.00	872	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	805	106.00/cwt	106.00–106.00	853	3
Heifers	—	Large 1-2	840	85.00/cwt	85.00–85.00	714	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	855	82.00/cwt	82.00–82.00	701	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Guaranteed Open	874	105.76/cwt	105.00–106.00	924	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	875	93.00/cwt	93.00–93.00	814	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	900	74.00/cwt	74.00–74.00	666	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,017	85.00/cwt	85.00–85.00	864	2
Feeder Cattle · Bulls29 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	288	144.57/cwt	142.50–149.00	416	3
Bulls	—	Small and Medium 1-2	307	119.95/cwt	117.50–125.00	368	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	324	127.51/cwt	125.00–130.00	413	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	332	147.19/cwt	140.00–152.00	489	8
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	380	130.35/cwt	130.00–131.00	495	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	388	140.30/cwt	136.00–143.00	544	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	420	139.77/cwt	134.00–145.00	587	13
Bulls	—	Large 1-2	430	127.00/cwt	127.00–127.00	546	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	442	124.64/cwt	123.00–128.00	551	3
Bulls	—	Small and Medium 1-2	470	125.00/cwt	125.00–125.00	588	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	478	139.70/cwt	137.00–141.00	668	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	483	127.16/cwt	125.00–130.00	614	6
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	524	133.99/cwt	131.00–140.00	702	13
Bulls	—	Small and Medium 1-2	535	115.00/cwt	115.00–115.00	615	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	550	125.00/cwt	125.00–125.00	688	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	574	130.68/cwt	124.00–137.00	750	21
Bulls	—	Large 1-2	600	115.00/cwt	115.00–115.00	690	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	616	123.60/cwt	118.00–129.00	761	9
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	643	112.66/cwt	112.00–114.00	724	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	659	120.80/cwt	120.00–121.00	796	5
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	674	106.00/cwt	105.00–107.00	714	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	716	114.08/cwt	109.00–118.00	817	13
Bulls	—	Large 1-2	745	90.00/cwt	90.00–90.00	671	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	755	115.33/cwt	113.00–118.00	871	3
Bulls	—	Large 1-2	780	107.00/cwt	107.00–107.00	835	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	828	107.46/cwt	105.00–112.00	890	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	875	106.00/cwt	106.00–106.00	928	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	985	97.00/cwt	97.00–97.00	955	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,015	102.00/cwt	102.00–102.00	1,035	1
Feeder Cattle · Dairy Steers3 lots · lightest first
Dairy Steers	—	Large 3	606	103.00/cwt	103.00–103.00	624	5
Dairy Steers	—	Large 3	935	89.00/cwt	89.00–89.00	832	1
Dairy Steers	—	Large 3	1,128	74.00/cwt	74.00–74.00	835	3
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls3 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,487	74.75/cwt	74.00–75.00	1,112	3
Bulls	—	—	1,647	89.29/cwt	83.00–94.00	1,471	11
Bulls	—	—	1,905	97.00/cwt	96.00–98.00	1,848	2
Slaughter Cattle · Cows9 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,017	47.19/cwt	42.00–52.00	480	19
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,051	55.19/cwt	52.00–58.00	580	8
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,140	60.00/cwt	60.00–60.00	684	1
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,208	51.57/cwt	46.00–55.00	623	8
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,221	60.83/cwt	57.00–64.00	743	31
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,328	67.37/cwt	65.00–71.00	895	7
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,393	65.63/cwt	65.00–66.50	914	6
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,455	52.00/cwt	52.00–52.00	757	1
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,463	61.09/cwt	58.00–64.00	894	25
Replacement Cattle · Bulls1 lot · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,775	1,685.00/cwt	1,685.00–1,685.00	29,909	1
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows6 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2-3	930	425.00/cwt	425.00–425.00	3,953	1
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2-3Registered	970	550.00/cwt	550.00–550.00	5,335	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 2-3	1,085	610.00/cwt	610.00–610.00	6,619	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 2-3	1,125	650.00/cwt	650.00–650.00	7,313	1
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2-3	1,130	575.00/cwt	575.00–575.00	6,498	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,320	760.00/cwt	760.00–760.00	10,032	1

This sale against other markets

Kentucky weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Kentucky auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Kentucky feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Blue Grass Stockyards (Monday) - Lexington, KY

Mon Sep 28, 2020

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Frankfort, KY (LS-LG)

Feeder CattleReceipts 596Last week 732Year ago 651

Slaughter CattleReceipts 165Last week 113Year ago 150

Replacement CattleReceipts 7Last week 32Year ago 20

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	483	125.00–130.00	127.16
3	—	643	112.00–114.00	112.66
4	—	324	125.00–130.00	127.51
1	—	550	125.00	125.00
3	—	380	130.00–131.00	130.35
4	—	674	105.00–107.00	106.00
3	—	442	123.00–128.00	124.64

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	388	136.00–143.00	140.30
3	—	478	137.00–141.00	139.70
5	—	659	120.00–121.00	120.80
3	—	288	142.50–149.00	144.57
13	—	716	109.00–118.00	114.08
3	—	985	97.00	97.00
13	—	420	134.00–145.00	139.77
2	—	875	106.00	106.00
3	—	755	113.00–118.00	115.33
1	—	1,015	102.00	102.00
4	—	828	105.00–112.00	107.46
21	—	574	124.00–137.00	130.68
13	—	524	131.00–140.00	133.99
8	—	332	140.00–152.00	147.19
9	—	616	118.00–129.00	123.60

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Small and Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	470	125.00	125.00
3	—	307	117.50–125.00	119.95
1	—	535	115.00	115.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	745	90.00	90.00
1	—	430	127.00	127.00
1	—	600	115.00	115.00
1	—	780	107.00	107.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	855	82.00	82.00
4	—	615	106.00–110.00	109.00
2	—	410	111.00–117.00	114.00
3	—	675	100.00–108.00	105.33
1	—	280	115.00	115.00
3	—	327	113.00–117.00	115.37
1	—	570	110.00	110.00
3	—	733	98.00	98.00
3	—	516	116.00	116.00
1	—	900	74.00	74.00
4	—	481	110.00–119.00	115.01
4	—	384	108.00–115.00	110.47

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
5	—	424	132.50	132.50
18	—	571	125.00–130.00	127.77
10	—	515	125.00–129.50	127.47

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	805	106.00	106.00
2	—	238	132.50	132.50
2	—	268	130.00	130.00
23	—	520	115.00–126.00	124.06
4	—	615	110.00–117.00	112.27
5	—	572	123.00–127.00	125.23
17	—	431	120.00–131.00	125.39
18	—	472	123.00–130.00	125.87
2	—	1,017	85.00	85.00
5	—	799	104.00	104.00
1	—	340	130.00	130.00
1	—	875	93.00	93.00
3	—	702	105.00–115.00	108.35
10	—	372	120.00–131.00	124.31
5	—	676	114.00–116.00	115.20

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Small and Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	490	102.00	102.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	840	85.00	85.00
1	—	750	94.00	94.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Guaranteed Open$ per cwt · actual wt
10	—	626	123.00–128.00	125.28
1	—	800	109.00	109.00
7	—	651	123.00–125.00	124.14
4	—	874	105.00–106.00	105.76

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	669	138.00	138.00
8	—	604	137.00–140.00	138.00
7	—	431	147.00–151.00	149.30
6	—	533	142.00–151.00	146.95
28	—	571	143.00–151.00	146.27
17	—	485	147.00–151.00	148.93

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	712	117.00	117.00
2	—	410	131.00	131.00
1	—	670	120.00	120.00
2	—	612	122.00	122.00
1	—	985	100.00	100.00
1	—	340	147.00	147.00
7	—	575	127.00–129.00	128.45
2	—	520	129.00	129.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Small and Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	320	120.00	120.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	522	130.00	130.00
1	—	945	104.00	104.00
1	—	785	113.00	113.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	337	160.00	160.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	907	125.00	125.00
4	—	719	121.00–126.00	123.25
6	—	416	143.00–146.00	144.52
1	—	950	115.00	115.00
14	—	521	132.00–139.00	136.17
10	—	559	131.00–137.00	132.71
12	—	860	120.00–133.00	129.85
3	—	773	121.00–124.00	122.00
6	—	603	125.00–136.00	128.01
1	—	395	149.00	149.00
17	—	479	143.00–147.00	145.25
15	—	672	125.50–129.50	127.12
1	—	840	126.00	126.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Steers — Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	1,128	74.00	74.00
1	—	935	89.00	89.00
5	—	606	103.00	103.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	1,393	65.00–66.50	65.63
25	—	1,463	58.00–64.00	61.09
1	—	1,455	52.00	52.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	1,328	65.00–71.00	67.37
31	—	1,221	57.00–64.00	60.83
8	—	1,208	46.00–55.00	51.57

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	1,051	52.00–58.00	55.19
19	—	1,017	42.00–52.00	47.19
1	—	1,140	60.00	60.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
11	—	1,647	83.00–94.00	89.29
3	—	1,487	74.00–75.00	74.75
2	—	1,905	96.00–98.00	97.00

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Small and Medium 2-3 · Registered$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	970	550.00	550.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Small and Medium 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	930	425.00	425.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,130	575.00	575.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,085	610.00	610.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,125	650.00	650.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,320	760.00	760.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	N/A	1	—	1,775	1,685.00	1,685.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.