Sale reports / Kentucky / Mount Sterling Livestock Auction / 2022-07-20

Mount Sterling Livestock Auction

Name: Mount Sterling Livestock Auction livestock auction prices — 2022-07-20
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2022-07-20

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Mt. Sterling, Kentucky · Wed, Jul 20

● Final109 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 2202

← Jul 13Jul 20Jul 27 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

697 head

▲ 223 vs last sale 474▲ 178 vs year ago 519 · +34.3%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

64 head

▼ 25 vs last sale 89▼ 50 vs year ago 114 · −43.9%

Replacement Cattle receipts

47 head

▼ 14 vs last sale 61▼ 24 vs year ago 71 · −33.8%

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last Wednesday feeder steers and heifers sold mostly steady with good demand for long-weaned and yearling packages. Slaughter cows sold 6.00 to 8.00 lower with light demand. Slaughter bulls sold steady to 3.00 lower with moderate demand.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Heifers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb heifers averaged $167.57/cwt on 457 head.

Average price

$167.57

457 head · 580 lb average

Value per head Derived

$971

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$250

per head · Medium and Large 1-2 over Medium and Large 2-3

$47.42/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+10.87

vs KY average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1-2	579	169.53	981	438
Large 1-2	635	126.00	800	1thin
Medium and Large 2-3	599	122.11	731	18thin

One grade step is worth $47.42/cwt here — about $250 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale457 hd

167.57

—

KY average25 barns · 6,352 hd

156.70

+10.87

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	Average	1,666	110.71	1,844	14
Cows	Boner 80-85%	High	1,235	77.73	960	27
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,396	75.99	1,061	17
Cows	Lean 85-90%	High	1,028	58.75	604	12

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	968	$721	5
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	915	$600	1thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	900	$585	1thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1,140	$1,225	1thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1,392	$1,184	5
Cow-Calf Pairs	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1,257	$1,156	7
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,288	$953	2thin

Every lot

109 lots · USDA AMS · Bluegrass Stockyard - Mt. Sterling, KY

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers27 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	285	165.00/cwt	165.00–165.00	470	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	380	160.00/cwt	160.00–160.00	608	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	405	159.00/cwt	159.00–159.00	644	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	410	173.42/cwt	165.00–177.50	711	5
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	469	171.66/cwt	169.00–173.00	805	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	485	159.00/cwt	159.00–159.00	771	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	490	141.00/cwt	141.00–141.00	691	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	500	156.00/cwt	156.00–156.00	780	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	513	159.00/cwt	159.00–159.00	816	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	535	169.63/cwt	165.00–171.00	908	22
Steers	—	Large 1-2	535	155.00/cwt	155.00–155.00	829	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	552	161.00/cwt	161.00–161.00	889	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	555	150.00/cwt	150.00–150.00	833	2
Steers	—	Large 1-2	572	158.00/cwt	158.00–158.00	904	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	611	165.74/cwt	155.00–168.00	1,013	35
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	620	150.00/cwt	150.00–150.00	930	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	650	134.00/cwt	129.00–139.00	871	2
Steers	—	Large 1-2	660	152.00/cwt	152.00–152.00	1,003	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	663	156.97/cwt	155.00–160.00	1,041	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	727	166.24/cwt	158.00–169.00	1,209	4
Steers	—	Large 1-2	743	145.50/cwt	145.50–145.50	1,081	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	747	147.00/cwt	147.00–147.00	1,098	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	770	150.00/cwt	150.00–150.00	1,155	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	825	145.00/cwt	145.00–145.00	1,196	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	857	151.03/cwt	149.00–157.00	1,294	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,020	132.00/cwt	132.00–132.00	1,346	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	1,025	145.00/cwt	145.00–145.00	1,486	1
Feeder Cattle · Heifers32 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	215	145.00/cwt	145.00–145.00	312	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	240	136.00/cwt	136.00–136.00	326	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	262	120.00/cwt	120.00–120.00	314	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	295	155.00/cwt	155.00–155.00	457	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	325	148.48/cwt	148.00–149.00	483	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	333	168.04/cwt	166.00–171.00	560	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	356	169.67/cwt	167.00–171.00	604	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	373	151.33/cwt	150.00–152.50	564	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	424	157.60/cwt	153.00–161.00	668	17
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	425	151.00/cwt	151.00–151.00	642	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	471	145.39/cwt	141.00–151.00	685	14
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	475	158.67/cwt	153.00–169.00	754	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	511	153.03/cwt	148.00–157.00	782	14
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	516	188.43/cwt	186.60–189.75	972	100
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	545	142.00/cwt	142.00–142.00	774	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	545	130.00/cwt	130.00–130.00	709	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	561	151.47/cwt	149.00–152.50	850	13
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	565	121.00/cwt	121.00–121.00	684	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	574	144.51/cwt	142.00–145.00	829	8
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	595	175.75/cwt	175.75–175.75	1,046	90
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	605	153.00/cwt	146.00–155.00	926	15
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	618	167.75/cwt	167.75–167.75	1,037	55
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	619	125.49/cwt	122.00–130.00	777	6
Heifers	—	Large 1-2	635	126.00/cwt	126.00–126.00	800	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	670	137.84/cwt	135.00–139.00	924	7
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	677	125.50/cwt	124.00–127.00	850	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	712	169.00/cwt	169.00–169.00	1,203	71
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	716	128.36/cwt	124.00–133.00	919	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	730	145.00/cwt	145.00–145.00	1,059	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	750	114.00/cwt	114.00–114.00	855	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Guaranteed Open	865	128.00/cwt	128.00–128.00	1,107	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2-3	865	101.00/cwt	101.00–101.00	874	2
Feeder Cattle · Bulls23 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	150	167.50/cwt	167.50–167.50	251	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	215	157.00/cwt	157.00–157.00	338	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	270	150.00/cwt	150.00–150.00	405	2
Bulls	—	Small and Medium 1-2	285	112.50/cwt	112.50–112.50	321	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	340	167.50/cwt	167.50–167.50	570	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	365	168.09/cwt	161.00–172.50	614	9
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	428	172.57/cwt	171.00–173.00	739	8
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	445	135.00/cwt	135.00–135.00	601	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	447	162.50/cwt	162.50–162.50	726	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	468	160.60/cwt	150.00–164.00	752	14
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	495	151.00/cwt	151.00–151.00	747	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	508	145.99/cwt	143.00–151.00	742	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	528	134.28/cwt	128.00–141.00	709	2
Bulls	—	Small and Medium 1-2	540	123.00/cwt	123.00–123.00	664	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	560	135.00/cwt	135.00–135.00	756	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	577	145.93/cwt	140.00–153.00	842	9
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	580	157.00/cwt	157.00–157.00	911	8
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	613	152.96/cwt	149.00–156.00	938	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	629	141.26/cwt	137.00–143.00	889	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2-3	633	132.68/cwt	130.00–134.00	840	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	664	137.41/cwt	135.00–138.00	912	5
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	711	133.58/cwt	132.00–135.00	950	5
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,155	100.00/cwt	100.00–100.00	1,155	1
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls3 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,575	94.00/cwt	94.00–94.00	1,481	2
Bulls	—	—	1,608	124.53/cwt	118.00–130.00	2,002	4
Bulls	—	—	1,717	107.97/cwt	101.00–112.00	1,854	8
Slaughter Cattle · Cows10 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,005	64.00/cwt	64.00–64.00	643	1
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,013	67.47/cwt	67.00–68.00	683	2
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,029	53.76/cwt	43.00–61.00	553	8
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,075	76.00/cwt	76.00–76.00	817	1
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,168	75.88/cwt	72.50–78.50	886	12
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,187	68.95/cwt	67.50–72.00	818	3
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,314	81.78/cwt	78.50–86.00	1,075	12
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,333	63.90/cwt	60.00–69.50	852	2
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,363	81.20/cwt	79.50–83.00	1,107	4
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,419	76.30/cwt	74.00–78.50	1,083	11
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows5 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2-3	820	410.00/head	410.00–410.00	410	1
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2-3	900	585.00/head	585.00–585.00	585	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 2-3	915	600.00/head	600.00–600.00	600	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 2-3	937	740.04/head	685.00–785.00	740	3
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,210	975.00/head	975.00–975.00	975	1
Replacement Cattle · Cow-Calf Pairs9 lots · lightest first
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,140	1,225.00/head	1,225.00–1,225.00	1,225	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 2-3	1,179	1,059.90/head	940.00–1,175.00	1,060	5
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,225	1,225.00/head	1,225.00–1,225.00	1,225	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 2-3	1,225	785.00/head	785.00–785.00	785	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,320	1,240.00/head	1,240.00–1,240.00	1,240	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 2-3	1,350	1,120.00/head	1,120.00–1,120.00	1,120	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 2-3	1,352	1,045.61/head	985.00–1,110.00	1,046	3
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,585	1,550.00/head	1,550.00–1,550.00	1,550	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,680	1,560.00/head	1,560.00–1,560.00	1,560	1

This sale against other markets

Kentucky weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Kentucky auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Kentucky feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Bluegrass Stockyard - Mt. Sterling, KY

Wed Jul 20, 2022

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Frankfort, KY (LS-LG)

Feeder CattleReceipts 697Last week 474Year ago 519

Slaughter CattleReceipts 64Last week 89Year ago 114

Replacement CattleReceipts 47Last week 61Year ago 71

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	356	167.00–171.00	169.67
13	—	561	149.00–152.50	151.47
15	—	605	146.00–155.00	153.00
5	—	730	145.00	145.00
17	—	424	153.00–161.00	157.60
6	—	333	166.00–171.00	168.04
14	—	511	148.00–157.00	153.03
5	—	475	153.00–169.00	158.67

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
100	—	516	186.60–189.75	188.43
71	—	712	169.00	169.00
55	—	618	167.75	167.75
90	—	595	175.75	175.75

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	325	148.00–149.00	148.48
1	—	215	145.00	145.00
2	—	373	150.00–152.50	151.33
8	—	574	142.00–145.00	144.51
7	—	670	135.00–139.00	137.84
1	—	425	151.00	151.00
1	—	295	155.00	155.00
14	—	471	141.00–151.00	145.39
1	—	545	142.00	142.00
6	—	716	124.00–133.00	128.36

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	635	126.00	126.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	750	114.00	114.00
6	—	619	122.00–130.00	125.49
1	—	545	130.00	130.00
2	—	865	101.00	101.00
1	—	565	121.00	121.00
1	—	240	136.00	136.00
2	—	262	120.00	120.00
4	—	677	124.00–127.00	125.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Guaranteed Open$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	865	128.00	128.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	500	156.00	156.00
1	—	620	150.00	150.00
2	—	825	145.00	145.00
4	—	857	149.00–157.00	151.03
2	—	747	147.00	147.00
1	—	485	159.00	159.00
1	—	405	159.00	159.00
1	—	1,020	132.00	132.00
2	—	552	161.00	161.00
1	—	285	165.00	165.00
1	—	380	160.00	160.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	555	150.00	150.00
3	—	513	159.00	159.00
2	—	650	129.00–139.00	134.00
1	—	490	141.00	141.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,025	145.00	145.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	660	152.00	152.00
2	—	572	158.00	158.00
1	—	535	155.00	155.00
7	—	743	145.50	145.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
35	—	611	155.00–168.00	165.74
22	—	535	165.00–171.00	169.63
7	—	663	155.00–160.00	156.97
1	—	770	150.00	150.00
5	—	410	165.00–177.50	173.42
6	—	469	169.00–173.00	171.66
4	—	727	158.00–169.00	166.24

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	580	157.00	157.00
8	—	428	171.00–173.00	172.57
3	—	613	149.00–156.00	152.96

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Small and Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	285	112.50	112.50
1	—	540	123.00	123.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	150	167.50	167.50
1	—	447	162.50	162.50
14	—	468	150.00–164.00	160.60
5	—	664	135.00–138.00	137.41
5	—	711	132.00–135.00	133.58
9	—	365	161.00–172.50	168.09
4	—	629	137.00–143.00	141.26
4	—	508	143.00–151.00	145.99
9	—	577	140.00–153.00	145.93
1	—	340	167.50	167.50
1	—	1,155	100.00	100.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	528	128.00–141.00	134.28
1	—	215	157.00	157.00
2	—	495	151.00	151.00
1	—	445	135.00	135.00
2	—	270	150.00	150.00
3	—	633	130.00–134.00	132.68
1	—	560	135.00	135.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
11	—	1,419	74.00–78.50	76.30
4	—	1,363	79.50–83.00	81.20
2	—	1,333	60.00–69.50	63.90

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,075	76.00	76.00
2	—	1,013	67.00–68.00	67.47
8	—	1,029	43.00–61.00	53.76
1	—	1,005	64.00	64.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
12	—	1,314	78.50–86.00	81.78
12	—	1,168	72.50–78.50	75.88
3	—	1,187	67.50–72.00	68.95

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	1,717	101.00–112.00	107.97
4	—	1,608	118.00–130.00	124.53
2	—	1,575	94.00	94.00

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Small and Medium 2-3$ per head · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	820	410.00	410.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	900	585.00	585.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 2-3$ per head · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	3	—	937	685.00–785.00	740.04
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	915	600.00	600.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,210	975.00	975.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 2-3$ per head · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	5	—	1,179	940.00–1,175.00	1,059.90
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,225	785.00	785.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	3	—	1,352	985.00–1,110.00	1,045.61
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,350	1,120.00	1,120.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,320	1,240.00	1,240.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,140	1,225.00	1,225.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,585	1,550.00	1,550.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,225	1,225.00	1,225.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,680	1,560.00	1,560.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.