Sale reports / Kentucky / Smiths Grove Mammoth Cave Dairy Auction / 2026-07-07

Smiths Grove Mammoth Cave Dairy Auction

Name: Smiths Grove Mammoth Cave Dairy Auction livestock auction prices — 2026-07-07
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2026-07-07

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Smiths Grove, Kentucky · Tue, Jul 7

● Final73 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 2199

← Jun 30Jul 7Jul 14 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

40 head

▲ 0 vs last sale 40▼ 12 vs year ago 52 · −23.1%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

305 head

▲ 75 vs last sale 230▼ 26 vs year ago 331 · −7.9%

Replacement Cattle receipts

18 head

▲ 18 vs last sale 0▲ 18 vs year ago 0 · no sale a year ago

Replacement Dairy Cattle receipts

339 head

▲ 112 vs last sale 227▲ 74 vs year ago 265 · +27.9%

View

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Heifers · summary 200–300 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

200–300 lb heifers averaged $371.25/cwt on 4 head.

Average price

$371.25

4 head · 234 lb average

Value per head Derived

$868

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$229

per head · Medium and Large 1-2 over Medium and Large 2-3

$81.67/cwt at this weight

vs the market

−116.87

vs KY average

Price by quality 200–300 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1-2	237	391.67	927	3thin
Medium and Large 2-3	225	310.00	698	1thin

One grade step is worth $81.67/cwt here — about $229 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 200–300 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 200–300 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale4 hd

371.25

—

KY average9 barns · 31 hd

488.12

−116.87

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	High	1,637	223.30	3,655	33
Cows	Boner 80-85%	Low	1,417	178.64	2,532	102
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Low	1,781	171.97	3,062	24
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Low	1,117	157.08	1,755	123
Dairy Heifers	Select and Choice	Average	1,330	190.00	2,527	1thin
Dairy Steers	Select and Choice	Average	1,265	192.00	2,429	1thin
Heifers	Select and Choice	Low	1,308	213.07	2,788	8thin
Steers	Select and Choice	Average	1,380	215.00	2,967	1thin

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Baby Bull Calves	N/A	—	—	$1,148	181
Baby Heifer Calves	N/A	—	—	$1,132	55
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	—	$3,100	2thin
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	—	$2,700	2thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	—	$2,425	6
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	—	$2,363	2thin
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	—	$2,150	2thin
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	—	$1,750	1thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	—	—	$1,450	1thin
Bred Heifers	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	—	—	$3,371	14
Bred Heifers	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	—	—	$3,000	14
Bred Heifers	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	—	—	$1,025	1thin
Fresh/Milking Cows	Open	—	—	$1,857	14
Open Heifers	Open	—	—	$1,443	23

Every lot

73 lots · USDA AMS · Farmers Regional Livestock Auction of Glasgow Dairy Auction - Smiths Grove, KY

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers1 lot · lightest first
Steers	250–300	Medium and Large 2-3	250	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	750	1
Feeder Cattle · Heifers4 lots · lightest first
Heifers	200–250	Medium and Large 1-2	225	370.00/cwt	370.00–370.00	833	1
Heifers	200–250	Medium and Large 2-3	225	310.00/cwt	310.00–310.00	698	1
Heifers	200–250	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	230	435.00/cwt	435.00–435.00	1,001	1
Heifers	250–300	Medium and Large 1-2	255	370.00/cwt	370.00–370.00	944	1
Feeder Cattle · Bulls1 lot · lightest first
Bulls	200–250	Medium and Large 1-2	230	315.00/cwt	315.00–315.00	725	1
Feeder Cattle · Dairy Heifers6 lots · lightest first
Dairy Heifers	350–400	Large 3	385	310.00/cwt	310.00–310.00	1,194	1
Dairy Heifers	550–600	Small and Medium 3	565	195.00/cwt	195.00–195.00	1,102	1
Dairy Heifers	800–850	Large 3	820	240.00/cwt	240.00–240.00	1,968	1
Dairy Heifers	900–950	Large 3	925	215.00/cwt	215.00–215.00	1,989	1
Dairy Heifers	950–1000	Large 3	978	212.40/cwt	200.00–225.00	2,077	2
Dairy Heifers	950–1000	Small and Medium 3	990	172.50/cwt	172.50–172.50	1,708	1
Feeder Cattle · Dairy Steers8 lots · lightest first
Dairy Steers	250–300	Small and Medium 3	270	230.00/cwt	230.00–230.00	621	1
Dairy Steers	300–350	Small and Medium 3	345	250.00/cwt	250.00–250.00	863	1
Dairy Steers	350–400	Small and Medium 3	385	225.00/cwt	225.00–225.00	866	1
Dairy Steers	500–550	Small and Medium 3	525	205.00/cwt	205.00–205.00	1,076	1
Dairy Steers	550–600	Large 3	565	295.00/cwt	295.00–295.00	1,667	1
Dairy Steers	750–800	Large 3	765	215.00/cwt	215.00–215.00	1,645	1
Dairy Steers	950–1000	Large 3	985	185.00/cwt	185.00–185.00	1,822	1
Dairy Steers	1000–1050	Large 3	1,005	200.00/cwt	200.00–200.00	2,010	1
Feeder Cattle · Beef/Dairy Heifers1 lot · lightest first
Beef/Dairy Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 1-2	430	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	1,290	1
Slaughter Cattle · Steers1 lot · lightest first
Steers	—	Select and Choice	1,380	215.00/cwt	215.00–215.00	2,967	1
Slaughter Cattle · Heifers3 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Select and Choice	1,110	226.00/cwt	226.00–226.00	2,509	1
Heifers	—	Select and Choice	1,321	213.93/cwt	205.00–220.00	2,826	6
Heifers	—	Select and Choice	1,430	195.00/cwt	195.00–195.00	2,789	1
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls4 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,447	210.97/cwt	202.00–220.00	3,053	10
Bulls	—	—	1,576	252.17/cwt	249.00–260.00	3,974	4
Bulls	—	—	1,685	188.36/cwt	171.00–195.00	3,174	3
Bulls	—	—	1,762	230.33/cwt	222.00–244.00	4,058	16
Slaughter Cattle · Cows10 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	957	129.18/cwt	120.00–134.00	1,236	11
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,095	142.63/cwt	135.00–149.00	1,562	22
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,139	158.49/cwt	150.00–165.00	1,805	55
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,147	172.73/cwt	167.00–181.00	1,981	35
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,313	190.93/cwt	181.00–208.00	2,507	39
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,464	173.03/cwt	166.00–180.00	2,533	55
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,578	189.12/cwt	184.00–195.00	2,984	5
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,603	157.24/cwt	153.00–163.00	2,521	8
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,832	170.70/cwt	165.00–179.00	3,127	13
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,838	160.44/cwt	158.00–164.00	2,949	6
Slaughter Cattle · Dairy Heifers1 lot · lightest first
Dairy Heifers	—	Select and Choice	1,330	190.00/cwt	190.00–190.00	2,527	1
Slaughter Cattle · Dairy Steers1 lot · lightest first
Dairy Steers	—	Select and Choice	1,265	192.00/cwt	192.00–192.00	2,429	1
Replacement Cattle · Stock Cows1 lot · lightest first
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,000	186.84/cwt	184.00–190.00	1,868	3
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows8 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	—	4,350.00/head	4,350.00–4,350.00	4,350	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	2,700.00/head	2,600.00–2,800.00	2,700	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	2,560.00/head	2,350.00–2,800.00	2,560	5
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	2,362.50/head	2,325.00–2,400.00	2,363	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	2,150.00/head	2,150.00–2,150.00	2,150	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	1,850.00/head	1,850.00–1,850.00	1,850	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 2-3	—	1,750.00/head	1,750.00–1,750.00	1,750	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	1,750.00/head	1,750.00–1,750.00	1,750	1
Replacement Dairy Cattle · Baby Bull Calves5 lots · lightest first
Baby Bull Calves	0–50	N/ABeef Cross	—	1,306.58/head	500.00–1,750.00	1,307	95
Baby Bull Calves	0–50	N/A	—	1,065.00/head	575.00–1,500.00	1,065	75
Baby Bull Calves	0–50	N/ABrown Swiss	—	600.00/head	600.00–600.00	600	2
Baby Bull Calves	0–50	N/ACrossbred	—	525.00/head	525.00–525.00	525	1
Baby Bull Calves	0–50	N/AJersey	—	268.75/head	100.00–400.00	269	8
Replacement Dairy Cattle · Baby Heifer Calves2 lots · lightest first
Baby Heifer Calves	0–50	N/ABeef Cross	—	1,261.84/head	575.00–1,700.00	1,262	38
Baby Heifer Calves	0–50	N/A	—	841.18/head	500.00–1,375.00	841	17
Replacement Dairy Cattle · Fresh/Milking Cows8 lots · lightest first
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	Supreme	—	4,150.00/head	4,150.00–4,150.00	4,150	1
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	ApprovedBrown Swiss	—	2,000.00/head	2,000.00–2,000.00	2,000	1
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	Approved	—	1,966.67/head	1,600.00–2,250.00	1,967	6
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	SupremeJersey	—	1,800.00/head	1,800.00–1,800.00	1,800	1
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	Medium	—	1,550.00/head	1,550.00–1,550.00	1,550	1
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	ApprovedCrossbred	—	1,500.00/head	1,500.00–1,500.00	1,500	1
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	ApprovedJersey	—	1,150.00/head	1,100.00–1,200.00	1,150	2
Fresh/Milking Cows	—	MediumJersey	—	900.00/head	900.00–900.00	900	1
Replacement Dairy Cattle · Bred Heifers5 lots · lightest first
Bred Heifers	—	Supreme	—	3,507.69/head	2,500.00–3,800.00	3,508	13
Bred Heifers	—	Supreme	—	3,186.36/head	2,550.00–3,700.00	3,186	11
Bred Heifers	—	Approved	—	2,316.67/head	2,250.00–2,400.00	2,317	3
Bred Heifers	—	Approved	—	1,600.00/head	1,600.00–1,600.00	1,600	1
Bred Heifers	—	Medium	—	1,025.00/head	1,025.00–1,025.00	1,025	1
Replacement Dairy Cattle · Open Heifers2 lots · lightest first
Open Heifers	0–100	Supreme	—	1,619.12/head	1,350.00–2,050.00	1,619	17
Open Heifers	0–100	Approved	—	945.83/head	775.00–1,175.00	946	6
Replacement Dairy Cattle · Bred Cows1 lot · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	ApprovedJersey	—	1,450.00/head	1,450.00–1,450.00	1,450	1

This sale against other markets

Kentucky weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Kentucky auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Kentucky feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Farmers Regional Livestock Auction of Glasgow Dairy Auction - Smiths Grove, KY

Tue Jul 7, 2026

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Frankfort, KY (LS-LG)

Feeder CattleReceipts 40Last week 40Year ago 52

Slaughter CattleReceipts 305Last week 230Year ago 331

Replacement CattleReceipts 18Last week 0Year ago 0

Replacement Dairy CattleReceipts 339Last week 227Year ago 265

Replacement Dairy Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Baby Bull Calves$ per head · n/c wt
—	N/A	75	0–50	—	575.00–1,500.00	1,065.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Baby Bull Calves — Brown Swiss$ per head · n/c wt
—	N/A	2	0–50	—	600.00	600.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Baby Bull Calves — Beef Cross$ per head · n/c wt
—	N/A	95	0–50	—	500.00–1,750.00	1,306.58

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Baby Bull Calves — Crossbred$ per head · n/c wt
—	N/A	1	0–50	—	525.00	525.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Baby Bull Calves — Jersey$ per head · n/c wt
—	N/A	8	0–50	—	100.00–400.00	268.75

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Baby Heifer Calves — Beef Cross$ per head · n/c wt
—	N/A	38	0–50	—	575.00–1,700.00	1,261.84

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Baby Heifer Calves$ per head · n/c wt
—	N/A	17	0–50	—	500.00–1,375.00	841.18

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Approved · Brown Swiss$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	1	—	—	2,000.00	2,000.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Supreme · Jersey$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	1	—	—	1,800.00	1,800.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Approved · Jersey$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	2	—	—	1,100.00–1,200.00	1,150.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Approved$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	6	—	—	1,600.00–2,250.00	1,966.67

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Supreme$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	1	—	—	4,150.00	4,150.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Approved · Crossbred$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	1	—	—	1,500.00	1,500.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Medium$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	1	—	—	1,550.00	1,550.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Fresh/Milking Cows — Medium · Jersey$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	1	—	—	900.00	900.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Approved$ per head · n/c wt
—	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	—	1,600.00	1,600.00
—	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	3	—	—	2,250.00–2,400.00	2,316.67

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Medium$ per head · n/c wt
—	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	—	1,025.00	1,025.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Supreme$ per head · n/c wt
—	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	11	—	—	2,550.00–3,700.00	3,186.36
—	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	13	—	—	2,500.00–3,800.00	3,507.69

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Open Heifers — Supreme$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	17	0–100	—	1,350.00–2,050.00	1,619.12

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Open Heifers — Approved$ per head · n/c wt
—	Open	6	0–100	—	775.00–1,175.00	945.83

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Approved · Jersey$ per head · n/c wt
—	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	—	1,450.00	1,450.00

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	3	—	1,000	184.00–190.00	186.84

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · n/c wt
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	2	—	—	2,150.00	2,150.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	—	1,850.00	1,850.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	5	—	—	2,350.00–2,800.00	2,560.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	2	—	—	2,325.00–2,400.00	2,362.50
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	—	1,750.00	1,750.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	2	—	—	2,600.00–2,800.00	2,700.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 2-3$ per head · n/c wt
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	—	1,750.00	1,750.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per head · n/c wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	—	4,350.00	4,350.00

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Heifers — Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	350–400	385	310.00	310.00
1	800–850	820	240.00	240.00
1	900–950	925	215.00	215.00
2	950–1000	978	200.00–225.00	212.40

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Heifers — Small and Medium 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	550–600	565	195.00	195.00
1	950–1000	990	172.50	172.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Steers — Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	550–600	565	295.00	295.00
1	750–800	765	215.00	215.00
1	950–1000	985	185.00	185.00
1	1000–1050	1,005	200.00	200.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Steers — Small and Medium 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	250–300	270	230.00	230.00
1	300–350	345	250.00	250.00
1	350–400	385	225.00	225.00
1	500–550	525	205.00	205.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Beef/Dairy Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	400–450	430	300.00	300.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	250–300	250	300.00	300.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	200–250	225	370.00	370.00
1	250–300	255	370.00	370.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
1	200–250	230	435.00	435.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	200–250	225	310.00	310.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	200–250	230	315.00	315.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
16	—	1,762	222.00–244.00	230.33
3	—	1,685	171.00–195.00	188.36
4	—	1,576	249.00–260.00	252.17
10	—	1,447	202.00–220.00	210.97

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	1,603	153.00–163.00	157.24
55	—	1,464	166.00–180.00	173.03
39	—	1,313	181.00–208.00	190.93

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	1,838	158.00–164.00	160.44
5	—	1,578	184.00–195.00	189.12
13	—	1,832	165.00–179.00	170.70

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
22	—	1,095	135.00–149.00	142.63
35	—	1,147	167.00–181.00	172.73
11	—	957	120.00–134.00	129.18
55	—	1,139	150.00–165.00	158.49

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Heifers — Select and Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,330	190.00	190.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Steers — Select and Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,265	192.00	192.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Select and Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,430	195.00	195.00
6	—	1,321	205.00–220.00	213.93
1	—	1,110	226.00	226.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Select and Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,380	215.00	215.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.