Sale reports / Mississippi / Tylertown Livestock Auction / 2023-08-08

Tylertown Livestock Auction

Name: Tylertown Livestock Auction livestock auction prices — 2023-08-08
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2023-08-08

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Tylertown, Mississippi · Tue, Aug 8

● Final87 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 2118

← Aug 1Aug 8Aug 15 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

878 head

▲ 222 vs last sale 656▲ 207 vs year ago 671 · +30.8%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

336 head

▲ 184 vs last sale 152▲ 205 vs year ago 131 · +156.5%

Replacement Cattle receipts

127 head

▲ 44 vs last sale 83▲ 42 vs year ago 85 · +49.4%

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last week: Feeder steers were steady. Feeder heifers were 3-7 higher. Slaughter cows and bulls were 2-3 higher.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Heifers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb heifers averaged $225.08/cwt on 78 head.

Average price

$225.08

78 head · 408 lb average

Value per head Derived

$918

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$287

per head · Medium and Large 1 over Medium and Large 2

$10.41/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+3.01

vs MS average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1	444	230.08	1,022	33
Medium and Large 1-2	451	224.00	1,009	18thin
Medium and Large 2	335	219.67	735	27

One grade step is worth $10.41/cwt here — about $287 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale78 hd

225.08

—

MS average13 barns · 1,152 hd

222.06

+3.01

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	High	1,470	117.96	1,734	18
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,395	103.44	1,443	58
Cows	Boner 80-85%	High	1,085	101.30	1,099	112
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Low	950	77.82	739	82

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,088	$1,300	2thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,028	$1,183	6
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,130	$1,162	8
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	900	$1,125	1thin
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,083	$1,121	5
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	873	$1,075	2thin
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	897	$957	6
Bred Heifers	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	(<2 yrs)	910	$1,500	1thin
Bred Heifers	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,130	$1,448	2thin
Bred Heifers	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,080	$1,300	1thin
Bulls	N/A	(<2 yrs)	1,188	$1,924	2thin
Bulls	N/A	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,295	$1,425	1thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Young (2-4 yrs)	999	$1,309	16
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,038	$1,296	14
Heifer Pairs	Open	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,110	$1,300	2thin
Stock Cows	Open	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	824	$800	4thin
Stock Cows	Open	Young (2-4 yrs)	785	$756	4thin

Every lot

87 lots · USDA AMS · Tylertown Stockyard - Tylertown, MS

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers18 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	235	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	705	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	258	265.03/cwt	250.00–275.00	684	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	290	289.00/cwt	287.00–290.00	838	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	311	311.27/cwt	310.00–315.00	968	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	311	285.06/cwt	280.00–305.00	887	5
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	324	263.71/cwt	255.00–275.00	854	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	365	288.49/cwt	272.00–300.00	1,053	5
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	375	256.40/cwt	250.00–270.00	961	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	405	310.00/cwt	310.00–310.00	1,256	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	405	281.25/cwt	272.00–292.00	1,139	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	413	243.38/cwt	237.00–250.00	1,005	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	418	244.00/cwt	244.00–244.00	1,020	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	458	261.84/cwt	252.00–270.00	1,199	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	460	231.70/cwt	220.00–242.00	1,066	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	502	230.00/cwt	230.00–230.00	1,155	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	513	236.33/cwt	233.00–240.00	1,212	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	580	229.97/cwt	225.00–235.00	1,334	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	625	232.93/cwt	230.00–236.00	1,456	2
Feeder Cattle · Heifers14 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	215	212.44/cwt	210.00–215.00	457	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	287	226.89/cwt	210.00–235.00	651	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	313	225.33/cwt	220.00–230.00	705	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	330	245.16/cwt	238.00–252.00	809	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	362	220.49/cwt	207.00–230.00	798	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	377	242.42/cwt	234.00–255.00	914	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	381	238.00/cwt	238.00–238.00	907	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	414	213.66/cwt	208.00–220.00	885	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	427	233.72/cwt	222.00–250.00	998	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	457	213.71/cwt	208.00–218.00	977	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	468	224.28/cwt	220.00–231.00	1,050	7
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	520	210.00/cwt	210.00–210.00	1,092	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	521	217.29/cwt	210.00–226.00	1,132	8
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	613	210.46/cwt	207.00–214.00	1,290	2
Feeder Cattle · Bulls4 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	380	238.00/cwt	238.00–238.00	904	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	473	227.59/cwt	220.00–236.00	1,077	6
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	520	209.98/cwt	208.00–212.00	1,092	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	580	218.00/cwt	218.00–218.00	1,264	1
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls3 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,010	107.26/cwt	102.00–114.00	1,083	3
Bulls	—	—	1,443	115.71/cwt	110.00–120.00	1,670	9
Bulls	—	—	1,740	126.68/cwt	124.00–129.00	2,204	6
Slaughter Cattle · Cows8 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	656	52.08/cwt	47.00–60.00	342	8
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	939	70.52/cwt	65.00–75.00	662	20
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	997	84.33/cwt	76.00–92.00	841	54
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,056	98.97/cwt	93.00–105.00	1,045	87
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,185	109.43/cwt	106.00–114.00	1,297	25
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,278	91.99/cwt	88.00–95.00	1,176	3
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,375	111.68/cwt	108.00–115.00	1,536	12
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,409	101.94/cwt	96.00–107.00	1,436	43
Replacement Cattle · Bulls2 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,188	1,923.58/head	1,900.00–1,950.00	1,924	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,295	1,425.00/head	1,425.00–1,425.00	1,425	1
Replacement Cattle · Stock Cows6 lots · lightest first
Stock Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	737	674.10/head	600.00–725.00	674	3
Stock Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	824	799.78/head	620.00–1,000.00	800	4
Stock Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	865	86.80/cwt	82.00–92.00	751	2
Stock Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	895	108.00/cwt	108.00–108.00	967	1
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	930	1,000.00/head	1,000.00–1,000.00	1,000	1
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	991	103.37/cwt	96.00–120.00	1,024	7
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows21 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	735	1,000.00/head	1,000.00–1,000.00	1,000	1
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	785	838.41/head	625.00–975.00	838	5
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	883	1,074.36/head	1,050.00–1,100.00	1,074	2
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	900	1,125.00/head	1,125.00–1,125.00	1,125	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	905	1,250.00/head	1,250.00–1,250.00	1,250	1
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	920	90.72/cwt	86.00–95.00	835	2
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	930	93.00/cwt	93.00–93.00	865	1
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	975	950.00/head	950.00–950.00	950	2
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	975	104.00/cwt	104.00–104.00	1,014	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,010	1,150.00/head	1,150.00–1,150.00	1,150	1
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 1-2	1,038	904.22/head	850.00–950.00	904	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,050	89.00/cwt	89.00–89.00	935	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,075	100.00/cwt	100.00–100.00	1,075	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,100	1,237.45/head	1,075.00–1,400.00	1,237	4
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,130	104.00/cwt	104.00–104.00	1,175	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,155	1,234.85/head	950.00–1,400.00	1,235	3
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,160	1,247.59/head	1,025.00–1,400.00	1,248	6
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,160	110.00/cwt	110.00–110.00	1,276	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	1,270	1,350.00/head	1,350.00–1,350.00	1,350	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	1,455	1,550.00/head	1,550.00–1,550.00	1,550	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,480	104.00/cwt	104.00–104.00	1,539	1
Replacement Cattle · Cow-Calf Pairs7 lots · lightest first
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 1-2	835	1,025.75/head	900.00–1,150.00	1,026	4
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 1-2	890	1,204.21/head	1,050.00–1,350.00	1,204	4
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 1-2	999	1,254.57/head	1,075.00–1,375.00	1,255	8
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 1-2	1,000	1,150.00/head	1,150.00–1,150.00	1,150	2
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,105	1,478.39/head	1,400.00–1,575.00	1,478	6
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,135	1,450.22/head	1,400.00–1,500.00	1,450	4
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,225	1,575.00/head	1,575.00–1,575.00	1,575	2
Replacement Cattle · Heifer Pairs1 lot · lightest first
Heifer Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,110	1,300.00/head	1,300.00–1,300.00	1,300	2
Replacement Cattle · Bred Heifers3 lots · lightest first
Bred Heifers	—	Small and Medium 1-2	910	1,500.00/head	1,500.00–1,500.00	1,500	1
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,080	1,300.00/head	1,300.00–1,300.00	1,300	1
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,130	1,448.45/head	1,325.00–1,550.00	1,448	2

This sale against other markets

Mississippi weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Mississippi auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Mississippi feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Tylertown Stockyard - Tylertown, MS

Tue Aug 8, 2023

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Jackson, MS (LS-JK)

Feeder CattleReceipts 878Last week 656Year ago 671

Slaughter CattleReceipts 336Last week 152Year ago 131

Replacement CattleReceipts 127Last week 83Year ago 85

Compared to last week: Feeder steers were steady. Feeder heifers were 3-7 higher. Slaughter cows and bulls were 2-3 higher.

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	930	1,000.00	1,000.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	7	—	991	96.00–120.00	103.37

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Small and Medium 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	3	—	737	600.00–725.00	674.10
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	895	108.00	108.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	2	—	865	82.00–92.00	86.80
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	4	—	824	620.00–1,000.00	799.78

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per head · actual wt
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,455	1,550.00	1,550.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,270	1,350.00	1,350.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Small and Medium 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	735	1,000.00	1,000.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	5	—	785	625.00–975.00	838.41
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	2	—	975	950.00	950.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	900	1,125.00	1,125.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	975	104.00	104.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	930	93.00	93.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	2	—	883	1,050.00–1,100.00	1,074.36
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	2	—	1,038	850.00–950.00	904.22
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	2	—	920	86.00–95.00	90.72

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,050	89.00	89.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	4	—	1,100	1,075.00–1,400.00	1,237.45
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,160	110.00	110.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,480	104.00	104.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,130	104.00	104.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,010	1,150.00	1,150.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	6	—	1,160	1,025.00–1,400.00	1,247.59
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	905	1,250.00	1,250.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	3	—	1,155	950.00–1,400.00	1,234.85
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,075	100.00	100.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Small and Medium 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	4	—	890	1,050.00–1,350.00	1,204.21
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	4	—	835	900.00–1,150.00	1,025.75
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	2	—	1,000	1,150.00	1,150.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	8	—	999	1,075.00–1,375.00	1,254.57

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	1,225	1,575.00	1,575.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	6	—	1,105	1,400.00–1,575.00	1,478.39
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	4	—	1,135	1,400.00–1,500.00	1,450.22

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	N/A	1	—	1,295	1,425.00	1,425.00
(<2 yrs)	N/A	2	—	1,188	1,900.00–1,950.00	1,923.58

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifer Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	1,110	1,300.00	1,300.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Small and Medium 1-2$ per head · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	910	1,500.00	1,500.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	2	—	1,130	1,325.00–1,550.00	1,448.45
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,080	1,300.00	1,300.00

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	414	208.00–220.00	213.66
3	—	457	208.00–218.00	213.71
6	—	362	207.00–230.00	220.49
4	—	215	210.00–215.00	212.44
6	—	287	210.00–235.00	226.89
4	—	313	220.00–230.00	225.33

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	613	207.00–214.00	210.46
8	—	521	210.00–226.00	217.29
4	—	330	238.00–252.00	245.16
7	—	468	220.00–231.00	224.28
3	—	427	222.00–250.00	233.72
9	—	377	234.00–255.00	242.42

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
9	—	381	238.00	238.00
9	—	520	210.00	210.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	418	244.00	244.00
7	—	502	230.00	230.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	405	272.00–292.00	281.25
3	—	513	233.00–240.00	236.33
4	—	458	252.00–270.00	261.84
2	—	625	230.00–236.00	232.93
5	—	365	272.00–300.00	288.49
3	—	290	287.00–290.00	289.00
5	—	311	280.00–305.00	285.06
3	—	580	225.00–235.00	229.97
1	—	235	300.00	300.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	375	250.00–270.00	256.40
6	—	258	250.00–275.00	265.03
4	—	413	237.00–250.00	243.38
4	—	324	255.00–275.00	263.71
6	—	460	220.00–242.00	231.70

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	311	310.00–315.00	311.27
1	—	405	310.00	310.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	380	238.00	238.00
6	—	473	220.00–236.00	227.59
2	—	520	208.00–212.00	209.98
1	—	580	218.00	218.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
20	—	939	65.00–75.00	70.52
54	—	997	76.00–92.00	84.33
8	—	656	47.00–60.00	52.08

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
43	—	1,409	96.00–107.00	101.94
3	—	1,278	88.00–95.00	91.99
12	—	1,375	108.00–115.00	111.68

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
25	—	1,185	106.00–114.00	109.43
87	—	1,056	93.00–105.00	98.97

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	1,740	124.00–129.00	126.68
9	—	1,443	110.00–120.00	115.71
3	—	1,010	102.00–114.00	107.26

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.