Sale reports / New Mexico / Clovis Livestock Auction / 2020-07-29

Clovis Livestock Auction

Name: Clovis Livestock Auction livestock auction prices — 2020-07-29
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2020-07-29

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Clovis, New Mexico · Wed, Jul 29

● Final108 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 1781

← Jul 15Jul 29Aug 5 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

2,204 head

▲ 1,356 vs last sale 848▲ 1,279 vs year ago 925 · +138.3%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

359 head

▲ 235 vs last sale 124▲ 120 vs year ago 239 · +50.2%

Replacement Cattle receipts

321 head

▲ 157 vs last sale 164▼ 264 vs year ago 585 · −45.1%

Also sold hereSlaughter/Replacement Cattle Slaughter/Replacement Cattle SpecialThu Feb 20, 2025

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to two weeks ago: No report a week ago due to reporters absence. A good selection of reputation calves under 550 lbs. selling in load lots were in good demand resulting in much higher prices. Steer calves under 550 lbs. instances 20.00 higher though quality and condition more attractive. Feeders over 600 lbs. 2.00-4.00 higher, most advance on offerings over 800 lbs. Heifer calves under 500 lbs. 8.00-15.00 higher though quality and condition more attractive, 500-600 lbs.5.00-11.00 higher, over 600 lbs.6.00-14.00 higher. Slaughter cows 4.00-9.00 higher, bulls 5.00 higher. Trade very active, demand very good.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Steers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb steers averaged $169.27/cwt on 840 head.

Average price

$169.27

840 head · 514 lb average

Value per head Derived

$871

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$53

per head · Medium and Large 1 over Medium and Large 2

$39.57/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+5.07

vs NM average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1	477	180.62	861	505
Medium and Large 1-2	571	154.48	881	277
Medium and Large 2	573	141.05	808	58

One grade step is worth $39.57/cwt here — about $53 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale840 hd

169.27

—

NM average2 barns · 1,140 hd

164.19

+5.07

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	Low	1,634	88.15	1,440	28
Cows	Boner 80-85%	High	1,282	67.84	869	57
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,655	63.50	1,051	1thin
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Average	1,067	61.64	658	282

Every lot

108 lots · USDA AMS · Clovis Livestock Auction - Clovis, NM

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers35 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	226	199.00/cwt	199.00–199.00	450	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	263	195.00/cwt	195.00–195.00	513	18
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	303	208.00/cwt	208.00–208.00	630	31
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Thin Fleshed	315	189.50/cwt	189.50–189.50	597	17
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	346	175.00/cwt	175.00–175.00	606	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	383	203.75/cwt	203.75–203.75	780	117
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	389	165.00/cwt	165.00–165.00	642	10
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	401	203.75/cwt	203.75–203.75	817	114
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	428	174.87/cwt	171.50–180.00	748	21
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	447	149.00/cwt	149.00–149.00	666	12
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	473	176.00/cwt	176.00–176.00	832	100
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	481	154.99/cwt	153.50–158.00	746	15
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	484	146.00/cwt	146.00–146.00	707	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	490	165.50/cwt	165.50–165.50	811	32
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	498	155.00/cwt	155.00–155.00	772	13
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	500	130.00/cwt	130.00–130.00	650	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	515	153.02/cwt	151.50–155.00	788	9
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	523	153.22/cwt	149.00–157.50	801	25
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	576	142.48/cwt	137.50–145.75	821	15
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	590	140.50/cwt	140.50–140.50	829	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	605	143.45/cwt	143.00–143.50	868	34
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	625	138.32/cwt	136.00–141.00	865	33
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	640	143.00/cwt	143.00–143.00	915	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	655	142.09/cwt	141.00–142.50	931	26
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	661	126.50/cwt	126.50–126.50	836	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	670	140.06/cwt	131.00–143.50	938	39
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	719	133.11/cwt	130.00–137.00	957	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	720	136.00/cwt	136.00–136.00	979	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	745	126.00/cwt	126.00–126.00	939	8
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	766	133.20/cwt	133.00–133.50	1,020	22
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	789	124.67/cwt	122.00–126.00	984	9
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	791	136.33/cwt	132.50–137.00	1,078	64
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	800	132.00/cwt	132.00–132.00	1,056	9
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	850	123.50/cwt	123.00–124.00	1,050	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	916	113.50/cwt	113.50–113.50	1,040	4
Feeder Cattle · Heifers31 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	224	181.00/cwt	181.00–181.00	405	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	250	159.50/cwt	159.50–159.50	399	16
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	260	163.00/cwt	163.00–163.00	424	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	305	161.26/cwt	148.00–167.00	492	41
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	336	150.00/cwt	150.00–150.00	504	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	345	176.25/cwt	176.25–176.25	608	97
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	352	152.00/cwt	152.00–152.00	535	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	395	152.00/cwt	152.00–152.00	600	15
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	420	168.50/cwt	168.50–168.50	708	90
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	431	149.48/cwt	146.00–154.00	644	39
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	437	146.00/cwt	146.00–146.00	638	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	458	146.43/cwt	139.50–151.00	671	16
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	474	136.50/cwt	131.00–141.00	647	23
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	476	123.33/cwt	120.00–130.00	587	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2Thin Fleshed	482	124.00/cwt	124.00–124.00	598	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	520	132.55/cwt	129.50–136.00	689	28
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	524	134.50/cwt	134.50–134.50	705	52
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	535	120.66/cwt	120.00–122.00	646	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	561	135.74/cwt	135.00–137.00	762	8
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	577	131.67/cwt	129.50–137.00	760	43
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	587	124.50/cwt	121.00–130.00	731	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	622	131.00/cwt	123.00–133.00	815	84
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	628	133.21/cwt	132.00–134.50	837	47
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	640	119.00/cwt	119.00–119.00	762	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	716	126.30/cwt	118.00–129.00	904	21
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	720	120.48/cwt	116.00–125.00	867	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	724	119.50/cwt	119.50–119.50	865	14
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	738	128.00/cwt	128.00–128.00	945	54
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	832	113.00/cwt	113.00–113.00	940	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	860	110.00/cwt	110.00–110.00	946	8
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	875	100.00/cwt	100.00–100.00	875	5
Feeder Cattle · Bulls4 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	372	145.00/cwt	145.00–145.00	539	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	432	160.00/cwt	160.00–160.00	691	6
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	514	129.00/cwt	129.00–129.00	663	16
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	631	121.50/cwt	121.50–121.50	767	9
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls4 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—Return to Feed	1,298	76.00/cwt	69.00–82.50	986	4
Bulls	—	—	1,510	79.73/cwt	77.50–82.00	1,204	4
Bulls	—	—	1,644	90.43/cwt	83.50–96.75	1,487	16
Bulls	—	—	2,054	99.61/cwt	98.00–101.25	2,046	4
Slaughter Cattle · Cows8 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	954	56.62/cwt	50.00–59.00	540	48
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,025	40.00/cwt	40.00–40.00	410	1
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,088	62.68/cwt	60.00–67.75	682	230
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,255	69.47/cwt	68.75–70.50	872	3
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,256	67.27/cwt	62.00–71.00	845	45
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,363	73.36/cwt	72.50–74.50	1,000	9
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,420	59.74/cwt	59.00–60.00	848	3
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,655	63.50/cwt	63.50–63.50	1,051	1
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows14 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2	658	218.33/cwt	210.00–260.00	1,437	6
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2	738	302.19/cwt	260.00–375.00	2,230	16
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2	741	245.59/cwt	225.00–250.00	1,820	17
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2	750	329.38/cwt	325.00–360.00	2,470	8
Bred Cows	—	Small and Medium 2	838	387.50/cwt	325.00–450.00	3,247	10
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	900	500.00/cwt	500.00–500.00	4,500	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	944	615.56/cwt	500.00–850.00	5,811	9
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,033	634.67/cwt	500.00–810.00	6,556	30
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,068	761.36/cwt	650.00–800.00	8,131	33
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,100	825.00/cwt	825.00–825.00	9,075	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,153	625.00/cwt	625.00–625.00	7,206	9
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,195	723.68/cwt	650.00–800.00	8,648	19
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,250	775.00/cwt	775.00–775.00	9,688	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,295	825.00/cwt	725.00–900.00	10,684	19
Replacement Cattle · Cow-Calf Pairs11 lots · lightest first
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 2	600	435.00/cwt	435.00–435.00	2,610	2
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 2	640	444.00/cwt	375.00–585.00	2,842	5
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 2	788	458.75/cwt	410.00–475.00	3,615	4
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 2	800	460.00/cwt	460.00–460.00	3,680	8
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Small and Medium 2	850	550.00/cwt	550.00–550.00	4,675	2
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,000	1,000.00/cwt	1,000.00–1,000.00	10,000	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,000	750.00/cwt	750.00–750.00	7,500	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,067	856.67/cwt	810.00–885.00	9,141	3
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,118	880.71/cwt	800.00–950.00	9,846	28
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,200	902.94/cwt	850.00–1,000.00	10,835	17
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,250	950.00/cwt	950.00–950.00	11,875	1
Replacement Cattle · Heifer Pairs1 lot · lightest first
Heifer Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	750	785.00/cwt	785.00–785.00	5,888	2

This sale against other markets

New Mexico weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every New Mexico auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

New Mexico feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Clovis Livestock Auction - Clovis, NM

Wed Jul 29, 2020

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Portales, NM (LS-CV)

Feeder CattleReceipts 2,204Last week 848Year ago 925

Slaughter CattleReceipts 359Last week 124Year ago 239

Replacement CattleReceipts 321Last week 164Year ago 585

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
117	—	383	203.75	203.75
31	—	303	208.00	208.00
114	—	401	203.75	203.75
100	—	473	176.00	176.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
13	—	498	155.00	155.00
15	—	576	137.50–145.75	142.48
4	—	850	123.00–124.00	123.50
9	—	800	132.00	132.00
9	—	515	151.50–155.00	153.02
34	—	605	143.00–143.50	143.45
7	—	719	130.00–137.00	133.11
26	—	655	141.00–142.50	142.09
4	—	916	113.50	113.50
22	—	766	133.00–133.50	133.20

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	500	130.00	130.00
7	—	484	146.00	146.00
4	—	640	143.00	143.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
32	—	490	165.50	165.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
21	—	428	171.50–180.00	174.87
2	—	590	140.50	140.50
18	—	263	195.00	195.00
15	—	481	153.50–158.00	154.99
64	—	791	132.50–137.00	136.33
4	—	346	175.00	175.00
39	—	670	131.00–143.50	140.06
4	—	226	199.00	199.00
33	—	625	136.00–141.00	138.32
3	—	720	136.00	136.00
25	—	523	149.00–157.50	153.22

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
17	—	315	189.50	189.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
12	—	447	149.00	149.00
10	—	389	165.00	165.00
8	—	745	126.00	126.00
9	—	789	122.00–126.00	124.67
6	—	661	126.50	126.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
43	—	577	129.50–137.00	131.67
39	—	431	146.00–154.00	149.48
4	—	832	113.00	113.00
47	—	628	132.00–134.50	133.21
41	—	305	148.00–167.00	161.26
5	—	260	163.00	163.00
2	—	352	152.00	152.00
28	—	520	129.50–136.00	132.55
21	—	716	118.00–129.00	126.30
6	—	224	181.00	181.00
16	—	458	139.50–151.00	146.43

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
52	—	524	134.50	134.50
2	—	437	146.00	146.00
54	—	738	128.00	128.00
8	—	561	135.00–137.00	135.74
84	—	622	123.00–133.00	131.00
23	—	474	131.00–141.00	136.50
16	—	250	159.50	159.50
8	—	860	110.00	110.00
15	—	395	152.00	152.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	535	120.00–122.00	120.66
5	—	640	119.00	119.00
5	—	875	100.00	100.00
14	—	724	119.50	119.50
3	—	336	150.00	150.00
6	—	476	120.00–130.00	123.33
5	—	587	121.00–130.00	124.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
97	—	345	176.25	176.25
90	—	420	168.50	168.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	720	116.00–125.00	120.48

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	482	124.00	124.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	372	145.00	145.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
16	—	514	129.00	129.00
9	—	631	121.50	121.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	432	160.00	160.00

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,250	775.00	775.00
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	19	—	1,195	650.00–800.00	723.68
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	19	—	1,295	725.00–900.00	825.00
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	2	—	900	500.00	500.00
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	9	—	1,153	625.00	625.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	30	—	1,033	500.00–810.00	634.67
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,100	825.00	825.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	9	—	944	500.00–850.00	615.56
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	33	—	1,068	650.00–800.00	761.36

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Small and Medium 2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	10	—	838	325.00–450.00	387.50
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	16	—	738	260.00–375.00	302.19
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	8	—	750	325.00–360.00	329.38
Aged (>8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	17	—	741	225.00–250.00	245.59
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	6	—	658	210.00–260.00	218.33

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,250	950.00	950.00
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)	Open	17	—	1,200	850.00–1,000.00	902.94
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,000	750.00	750.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	28	—	1,118	800.00–950.00	880.71
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	1	—	1,000	1,000.00	1,000.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	3	—	1,067	810.00–885.00	856.67

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Small and Medium 2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	5	—	640	375.00–585.00	444.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	600	435.00	435.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	4	—	788	410.00–475.00	458.75
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	Open	2	—	850	550.00	550.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	Open	8	—	800	460.00	460.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifer Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	750	785.00	785.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	1,298	69.00–82.50	76.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
16	—	1,644	83.50–96.75	90.43
4	—	2,054	98.00–101.25	99.61
4	—	1,510	77.50–82.00	79.73

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
9	—	1,363	72.50–74.50	73.36
3	—	1,420	59.00–60.00	59.74
45	—	1,256	62.00–71.00	67.27

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
230	—	1,088	60.00–67.75	62.68
48	—	954	50.00–59.00	56.62
3	—	1,255	68.75–70.50	69.47
1	—	1,025	40.00	40.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,655	63.50	63.50

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.