Sale reports / South Carolina / Saluda Stockyards / 2024-01-29

Saluda Stockyards

Name: Saluda Stockyards livestock auction prices — 2024-01-29
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2024-01-29

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Saluda, South Carolina · Mon, Jan 29

● Final109 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 1961

← Jan 22Jan 29Feb 5 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

406 head

▲ 66 vs last sale 340▼ 152 vs year ago 558 · −27.2%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

60 head

▼ 36 vs last sale 96▼ 51 vs year ago 111 · −45.9%

Replacement Cattle receipts

18 head

▼ 2 vs last sale 20▼ 3 vs year ago 21 · −14.3%

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last week, all classes of feeder cattle were 5.00 higher. Slaughter cows were up to 6.00 higher. Slaughter bulls were steady. There were moderate offerings of average to good quality cattle with active buyer participation.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Heifers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb heifers averaged $220.36/cwt on 138 head.

Average price

$220.36

138 head · 458 lb average

Value per head Derived

$1,010

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$109

per head · Medium and Large 1 over Large 3

$76.86/cwt at this weight

vs the market

−4.83

vs SC average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1	462	231.86	1,070	64
Medium and Large 2	459	215.36	988	60
Medium and Large 3	430	191.87	826	13thin
Large 3	620	155.00	961	1thin

One grade step is worth $76.86/cwt here — about $109 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale138 hd

220.36

—

SC average5 barns · 438 hd

225.20

−4.83

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	High	1,713	126.37	2,164	6thin
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,441	123.83	1,785	6thin
Cows	Boner 80-85%	High	1,297	117.70	1,527	18
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Average	993	94.05	934	25

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	793	$975	2thin
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	848	$898	2thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	788	$888	2thin
Bulls	N/A	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,450	$2,263	2thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Young (2-4 yrs)	926	$1,390	4thin

Every lot

109 lots · USDA AMS · Saluda County Stockyards - Saluda, SC

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers19 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	270	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	810	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	315	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	945	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	320	315.00/cwt	315.00–315.00	1,008	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	393	313.74/cwt	312.50–315.00	1,233	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	400	275.00/cwt	275.00–275.00	1,100	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 3	405	227.50/cwt	227.50–227.50	921	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	420	309.82/cwt	305.00–315.00	1,301	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	427	293.44/cwt	280.00–300.00	1,253	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	450	277.50/cwt	277.50–277.50	1,249	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	506	265.00/cwt	265.00–265.00	1,341	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 3	510	220.00/cwt	220.00–220.00	1,122	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	555	267.50/cwt	267.50–267.50	1,485	5
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	555	250.00/cwt	250.00–250.00	1,388	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	605	233.75/cwt	232.50–235.00	1,414	2
Steers	—	Medium and Large 3	630	210.00/cwt	210.00–210.00	1,323	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 3	660	195.00/cwt	195.00–195.00	1,287	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	675	230.00/cwt	230.00–230.00	1,553	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	700	220.00/cwt	220.00–220.00	1,540	1
Steers	—	Medium and Large 3	740	200.00/cwt	200.00–200.00	1,480	1
Feeder Cattle · Heifers30 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	230	200.00/cwt	200.00–200.00	460	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	283	227.43/cwt	220.00–235.00	644	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	320	260.00/cwt	260.00–260.00	832	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	325	219.79/cwt	215.00–225.00	714	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	327	203.32/cwt	200.00–205.00	665	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	339	241.75/cwt	235.00–245.00	820	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	365	185.00/cwt	185.00–185.00	675	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	370	244.00/cwt	244.00–244.00	903	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	372	224.16/cwt	210.00–230.00	834	12
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	376	239.24/cwt	232.50–245.00	900	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	405	257.50/cwt	257.50–257.50	1,043	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	409	220.72/cwt	215.00–225.00	903	7
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	421	237.47/cwt	230.00–242.50	1,000	8
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	443	194.97/cwt	190.00–200.00	864	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	473	233.53/cwt	230.00–242.50	1,105	18
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	477	183.20/cwt	175.00–190.00	874	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	480	218.38/cwt	210.00–225.00	1,048	20
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	500	235.00/cwt	235.00–235.00	1,175	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	522	211.29/cwt	200.00–215.00	1,103	8
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	523	192.39/cwt	190.00–195.00	1,006	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	526	220.64/cwt	219.00–225.00	1,161	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	558	215.00/cwt	215.00–215.00	1,200	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	574	197.44/cwt	190.00–210.00	1,133	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	615	190.00/cwt	190.00–190.00	1,169	1
Heifers	—	Large 3	620	155.00/cwt	155.00–155.00	961	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	632	200.78/cwt	197.50–205.00	1,269	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	650	195.00/cwt	195.00–195.00	1,268	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	655	175.00/cwt	175.00–175.00	1,146	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	660	192.50/cwt	192.50–192.50	1,271	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2Full	815	140.00/cwt	140.00–140.00	1,141	1
Feeder Cattle · Bulls34 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	200	230.00/cwt	230.00–230.00	460	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	205	250.00/cwt	250.00–250.00	513	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	230	325.00/cwt	325.00–325.00	748	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	250	305.00/cwt	305.00–305.00	763	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	270	235.00/cwt	235.00–235.00	635	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	283	313.58/cwt	310.00–317.50	887	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	314	293.63/cwt	290.00–300.00	922	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	315	225.00/cwt	225.00–225.00	709	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	321	310.06/cwt	305.00–315.00	995	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	330	278.81/cwt	275.00–285.00	920	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	365	260.00/cwt	260.00–260.00	949	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	368	237.38/cwt	235.00–240.00	874	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	374	293.78/cwt	285.00–300.00	1,099	8
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	379	308.15/cwt	305.00–312.50	1,168	7
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Value Added	384	305.00/cwt	305.00–305.00	1,171	6
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	415	259.82/cwt	255.00–265.00	1,078	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	420	298.17/cwt	295.00–305.00	1,252	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	420	210.00/cwt	210.00–210.00	882	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	431	280.92/cwt	275.00–290.00	1,211	11
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	450	290.00/cwt	290.00–290.00	1,305	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	469	276.05/cwt	270.00–285.00	1,295	9
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	470	217.31/cwt	205.00–235.00	1,021	13
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	474	266.01/cwt	265.00–270.00	1,261	5
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	509	243.46/cwt	230.00–247.50	1,239	5
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	521	211.37/cwt	205.00–220.00	1,101	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	555	222.52/cwt	220.00–225.00	1,235	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	575	255.00/cwt	255.00–255.00	1,466	1
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	576	199.36/cwt	170.00–215.00	1,148	7
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	626	197.40/cwt	190.00–205.00	1,236	4
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	627	191.60/cwt	185.00–195.00	1,201	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 2	653	189.98/cwt	185.00–195.00	1,241	2
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	666	189.49/cwt	185.00–192.50	1,262	5
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	667	230.00/cwt	230.00–230.00	1,534	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 3	765	162.50/cwt	162.50–162.50	1,243	1
Feeder Cattle · Dairy Heifers3 lots · lightest first
Dairy Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	345	140.00/cwt	140.00–140.00	483	1
Dairy Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	465	155.00/cwt	155.00–155.00	721	1
Dairy Heifers	—	Medium and Large 3	568	144.69/cwt	135.00–155.00	822	2
Feeder Cattle · Dairy Steers2 lots · lightest first
Dairy Steers	—	Medium and Large 3	595	120.00/cwt	120.00–120.00	714	1
Dairy Steers	—	Large 3	810	160.00/cwt	160.00–160.00	1,296	14
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls3 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,620	105.00/cwt	105.00–105.00	1,701	1
Bulls	—	—	1,648	128.55/cwt	122.00–132.00	2,119	4
Bulls	—	—	2,065	139.00/cwt	139.00–139.00	2,870	1
Slaughter Cattle · Cows6 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	905	85.00/cwt	80.00–90.00	769	10
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,051	100.08/cwt	91.00–107.00	1,052	15
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,245	125.49/cwt	122.00–130.00	1,562	6
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,323	113.80/cwt	105.00–120.00	1,506	12
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,383	119.19/cwt	112.00–123.00	1,648	4
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,558	133.12/cwt	131.00–135.00	2,074	2
Replacement Cattle · Bulls1 lot · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	1,450	2,263.28/head	2,225.00–2,300.00	2,263	2
Replacement Cattle · Cow-Calf Pairs3 lots · lightest first
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 2	835	1,075.00/head	1,075.00–1,075.00	1,075	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 3	920	810.00/head	810.00–810.00	810	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1	975	1,837.82/head	1,825.00–1,850.00	1,838	2
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows6 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 3	705	825.00/head	825.00–825.00	825	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	760	1,150.00/head	1,150.00–1,150.00	1,150	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 2	825	800.00/head	800.00–800.00	800	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	848	898.45/head	750.00–1,025.00	898	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	870	950.00/head	950.00–950.00	950	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 3	1,240	66.00/cwt	66.00–66.00	818	1
Replacement Cattle · Stock Cows2 lots · lightest first
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 3	725	84.00/cwt	84.00–84.00	609	1
Stock Cows	—	Small 3	730	48.00/cwt	48.00–48.00	350	1

This sale against other markets

South Carolina weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every South Carolina auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

South Carolina feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Saluda County Stockyards - Saluda, SC

Mon Jan 29, 2024

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Columbia, SC (LS-CO)

Feeder CattleReceipts 406Last week 340Year ago 558

Slaughter CattleReceipts 60Last week 96Year ago 111

Replacement CattleReceipts 18Last week 20Year ago 21

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	327	200.00–205.00	203.32
1	—	655	175.00	175.00
1	—	365	185.00	185.00
3	—	477	175.00–190.00	183.20
2	—	523	190.00–195.00	192.39
1	—	230	200.00	200.00
2	—	443	190.00–200.00	194.97

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	650	195.00	195.00
4	—	405	257.50	257.50
3	—	370	244.00	244.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	660	192.50	192.50
3	—	339	235.00–245.00	241.75
3	—	632	197.50–205.00	200.78
9	—	376	232.50–245.00	239.24
8	—	421	230.00–242.50	237.47
2	—	558	215.00	215.00
9	—	526	219.00–225.00	220.64
18	—	473	230.00–242.50	233.53

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	409	215.00–225.00	220.72
1	—	615	190.00	190.00
2	—	283	220.00–235.00	227.43
8	—	522	200.00–215.00	211.29
12	—	372	210.00–230.00	224.16
3	—	325	215.00–225.00	219.79
6	—	574	190.00–210.00	197.44
20	—	480	210.00–225.00	218.38

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	620	155.00	155.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	320	260.00	260.00
1	—	500	235.00	235.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2 · Full$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	815	140.00	140.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	205	250.00	250.00
4	—	330	275.00–285.00	278.81
5	—	509	230.00–247.50	243.46
2	—	555	220.00–225.00	222.52
2	—	365	260.00	260.00
3	—	415	255.00–265.00	259.82
2	—	653	185.00–195.00	189.98
5	—	474	265.00–270.00	266.01
4	—	626	190.00–205.00	197.40

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	765	162.50	162.50
7	—	576	170.00–215.00	199.36
1	—	315	225.00	225.00
4	—	521	205.00–220.00	211.37
5	—	666	185.00–192.50	189.49
1	—	200	230.00	230.00
3	—	627	185.00–195.00	191.60
13	—	470	205.00–235.00	217.31
1	—	420	210.00	210.00
1	—	270	235.00	235.00
2	—	368	235.00–240.00	237.38

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	667	230.00	230.00
1	—	250	305.00	305.00
4	—	314	290.00–300.00	293.63
8	—	374	285.00–300.00	293.78
1	—	575	255.00	255.00
9	—	469	270.00–285.00	276.05
11	—	431	275.00–290.00	280.92

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	321	305.00–315.00	310.06
2	—	283	310.00–317.50	313.58
1	—	450	290.00	290.00
3	—	420	295.00–305.00	298.17
7	—	379	305.00–312.50	308.15
1	—	230	325.00	325.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	384	305.00	305.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	506	265.00	265.00
5	—	555	267.50	267.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	393	312.50–315.00	313.74
2	—	420	305.00–315.00	309.82
1	—	320	315.00	315.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	270	300.00	300.00
1	—	315	300.00	300.00
3	—	427	280.00–300.00	293.44
2	—	605	232.50–235.00	233.75
1	—	700	220.00	220.00
1	—	450	277.50	277.50
1	—	675	230.00	230.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	660	195.00	195.00
1	—	630	210.00	210.00
1	—	405	227.50	227.50
1	—	510	220.00	220.00
1	—	740	200.00	200.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	400	275.00	275.00
1	—	555	250.00	250.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Heifers — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	465	155.00	155.00
2	—	568	135.00–155.00	144.69
1	—	345	140.00	140.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Steers — Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
14	—	810	160.00	160.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Dairy Steers — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	595	120.00	120.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	1,245	122.00–130.00	125.49
12	—	1,323	105.00–120.00	113.80

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
15	—	1,051	91.00–107.00	100.08
10	—	905	80.00–90.00	85.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	1,383	112.00–123.00	119.19
2	—	1,558	131.00–135.00	133.12

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	2,065	139.00	139.00
1	—	1,620	105.00	105.00
4	—	1,648	122.00–132.00	128.55

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	N/A	2	—	1,450	2,225.00–2,300.00	2,263.28

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	835	1,075.00	1,075.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 3$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	920	810.00	810.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	975	1,825.00–1,850.00	1,837.82

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	825	800.00	800.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	760	1,150.00	1,150.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	870	950.00	950.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	2	—	848	750.00–1,025.00	898.45

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 3$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	705	825.00	825.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,240	66.00	66.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Small 3$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	730	48.00	48.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	725	84.00	84.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.