Sale reports / Tennessee / Knoxville Livestock Auction - Knoxville, TN / 2025-08-05

Knoxville Livestock Auction - Knoxville, TN

Name: Knoxville Livestock Auction - Knoxville, TN livestock auction prices — 2025-08-05
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2025-08-05

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Knoxville, Tennessee · Tue, Aug 5

● Final90 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 2066

← Jul 29Aug 5Aug 12 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

1,257 head

▲ 292 vs last sale 965▲ 649 vs year ago 608 · +106.7%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

93 head

▲ 47 vs last sale 46▲ 23 vs year ago 70 · +32.9%

Replacement Cattle receipts

65 head

▲ 47 vs last sale 18▲ 56 vs year ago 9 · +622.2%

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last week, all classes of feeder cattle sold sharply higher with high-quality offerings and strong demand noted. Slaughter cows sold 9.00 to 10.00 higher with no comparisons available for slaughter bulls due to limited comparable receipts from last week's sale.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Heifers · summary 500–600 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

500–600 lb heifers averaged $357.67/cwt on 259 head. That ranks 12 of 34 comparable sales and sits −36.06 against this barn's trailing median of $393.73.

Average price

$357.67

259 head · 577 lb average

Value per head Derived

$2,064

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$361

per head · Medium and Large 1 over Medium and Large 2

$47.86/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+20.68

vs TN average

+7.10 vs national

Price by quality 500–600 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1	577	357.86	2,066	258
Medium and Large 2	550	310.00	1,705	1thin

One grade step is worth $47.86/cwt here — about $361 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 500–600 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 500–600 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale259 hd

357.67

—

TN average15 barns · 1,221 hd

336.99

+20.68

National average149 barns · 9,537 hd

350.57

+7.10

This barn, trailing median34 sales

393.73

−36.06

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

This barn's trailing prices 500–600 lb

34 sales

Heifers 500–600 lb: high $422.87, low $321.98, median $393.73 across 34 sales. Sales under 10 head in this class are excluded, so a thin day cannot swing the median or the ranking.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	High	1,803	204.22	3,681	18
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	High	1,556	178.43	2,777	17
Cows	Boner 80-85%	High	1,260	175.44	2,211	22
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Low	1,068	156.57	1,672	14

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,170	$3,208	19
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,575	$2,898	2thin
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,182	$2,784	10
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,023	$2,531	2thin
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,050	$2,325	3thin
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,140	$2,300	1thin
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,120	$2,050	1thin
Bred Cows	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,048	$2,044	2thin
Bred Heifers	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	940	$2,750	1thin
Bred Heifers	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,075	$2,750	1thin
Bred Heifers	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	(<2 yrs)	1,020	$2,550	1thin
Bred Heifers	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	(<2 yrs)	940	$1,950	1thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	—	$4,200	2thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Young (2-4 yrs)	—	$3,850	3thin
Cow-Calf Pairs	Open	Aged (>8 yrs)	—	$2,850	1thin
Heifer Pairs	Open	Young (2-4 yrs)	—	$3,350	2thin

Every lot

90 lots · USDA AMS · Knoxville Livestock Center - Knoxville, TN

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers23 lots · lightest first
Steers	300–350	Medium and Large 1Value Added	300	550.00/cwt	550.00–550.00	1,650	1
Steers	300–350	Medium and Large 2	305	420.00/cwt	420.00–420.00	1,281	1
Steers	300–350	Medium and Large 1	337	495.00/cwt	495.00–495.00	1,668	2
Steers	350–400	Medium and Large 1Value Added	373	490.00/cwt	490.00–490.00	1,828	3
Steers	400–450	Medium and Large 1	429	407.04/cwt	400.00–410.00	1,746	12
Steers	400–450	Medium and Large 1Value Added	430	445.09/cwt	440.00–450.00	1,914	10
Steers	450–500	Medium and Large 2	455	350.00/cwt	350.00–350.00	1,593	1
Steers	450–500	Medium and Large 1Value Added	469	423.69/cwt	420.00–440.00	1,987	21
Steers	450–500	Medium and Large 1	474	393.21/cwt	375.00–415.00	1,864	20
Steers	500–550	Medium and Large 1Value Added	535	393.55/cwt	390.00–400.00	2,105	14
Steers	500–550	Medium and Large 1	535	367.71/cwt	350.00–375.00	1,967	11
Steers	550–600	Medium and Large 1Value Added	552	366.68/cwt	365.00–370.00	2,024	3
Steers	550–600	Medium and Large 1	586	351.31/cwt	342.50–360.00	2,059	21
Steers	600–650	Medium and Large 1	623	361.23/cwt	335.00–370.00	2,250	16
Steers	600–650	Medium and Large 1Value Added	635	383.50/cwt	380.00–400.00	2,435	42
Steers	650–700	Medium and Large 1Value Added	650	395.00/cwt	395.00–395.00	2,568	3
Steers	650–700	Medium and Large 1	677	334.56/cwt	315.00–342.50	2,265	15
Steers	700–750	Medium and Large 1Value Added	720	365.63/cwt	347.50–368.00	2,633	99
Steers	700–750	Medium and Large 1	726	327.53/cwt	320.00–330.00	2,378	8
Steers	700–750	Medium and Large 2	740	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	2,220	1
Steers	750–800	Medium and Large 1	755	320.00/cwt	320.00–320.00	2,416	1
Steers	750–800	Medium and Large 1Value Added	765	335.00/cwt	335.00–335.00	2,563	1
Steers	850–900	Medium and Large 1	862	290.00/cwt	290.00–290.00	2,500	2
Feeder Cattle · Heifers19 lots · lightest first
Heifers	300–350	Medium and Large 1	331	394.96/cwt	385.00–415.00	1,307	3
Heifers	350–400	Medium and Large 1Value Added	379	410.90/cwt	400.00–415.00	1,557	13
Heifers	350–400	Medium and Large 1	383	380.65/cwt	360.00–390.00	1,458	14
Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 1Value Added	429	399.27/cwt	397.50–410.00	1,713	7
Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 2	430	320.00/cwt	320.00–320.00	1,376	1
Heifers	400–450	Medium and Large 1	432	379.97/cwt	365.00–390.00	1,641	23
Heifers	450–500	Medium and Large 1	478	357.85/cwt	348.00–385.00	1,711	33
Heifers	450–500	Medium and Large 2	498	327.50/cwt	327.50–327.50	1,631	3
Heifers	500–550	Medium and Large 1	527	340.53/cwt	325.00–350.00	1,795	60
Heifers	500–550	Medium and Large 1Value Added	528	357.50/cwt	357.50–357.50	1,888	6
Heifers	550–600	Medium and Large 2	550	310.00/cwt	310.00–310.00	1,705	1
Heifers	550–600	Medium and Large 1	576	324.63/cwt	317.50–332.50	1,870	30
Heifers	550–600	Medium and Large 1Value Added	598	370.44/cwt	337.50–370.75	2,215	162
Heifers	600–650	Medium and Large 1Value Added	631	356.45/cwt	350.00–360.00	2,249	116
Heifers	600–650	Medium and Large 1	631	314.78/cwt	295.00–325.00	1,986	22
Heifers	650–700	Medium and Large 1	664	307.43/cwt	295.00–315.00	2,041	6
Heifers	650–700	Medium and Large 1Value Added	685	319.00/cwt	319.00–319.00	2,185	9
Heifers	700–750	Medium and Large 1	718	292.51/cwt	290.00–295.00	2,100	2
Heifers	750–800	Medium and Large 1	775	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	2,325	2
Feeder Cattle · Bulls20 lots · lightest first
Bulls	300–350	Medium and Large 1Thin Fleshed	325	485.00/cwt	485.00–485.00	1,576	1
Bulls	300–350	Medium and Large 1	338	448.10/cwt	430.00–470.00	1,515	3
Bulls	300–350	Medium and Large 2	345	390.00/cwt	390.00–390.00	1,346	1
Bulls	350–400	Medium and Large 1Value Added	358	479.14/cwt	475.00–480.00	1,715	6
Bulls	350–400	Medium and Large 1	386	412.21/cwt	400.00–435.00	1,591	9
Bulls	400–450	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	422	350.00/cwt	350.00–350.00	1,477	4
Bulls	400–450	Medium and Large 1	431	405.15/cwt	380.00–425.00	1,746	23
Bulls	400–450	Medium and Large 2	435	335.00/cwt	335.00–335.00	1,457	2
Bulls	450–500	Medium and Large 2	450	350.00/cwt	350.00–350.00	1,575	2
Bulls	450–500	Medium and Large 1	465	389.49/cwt	370.00–400.00	1,811	12
Bulls	450–500	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	468	341.50/cwt	325.00–350.00	1,598	4
Bulls	500–550	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	515	320.00/cwt	320.00–320.00	1,648	5
Bulls	500–550	Medium and Large 1	518	360.03/cwt	340.00–380.00	1,865	40
Bulls	500–550	Medium and Large 2	528	315.00/cwt	315.00–315.00	1,663	5
Bulls	550–600	Medium and Large 1Fancy	557	369.97/cwt	365.00–375.00	2,061	3
Bulls	550–600	Medium and Large 1	564	348.23/cwt	330.00–355.00	1,964	16
Bulls	550–600	Medium and Large 2	575	320.00/cwt	320.00–320.00	1,840	1
Bulls	600–650	Medium and Large 1	618	329.22/cwt	310.00–345.00	2,035	20
Bulls	650–700	Medium and Large 1	673	321.98/cwt	310.00–341.00	2,167	14
Bulls	700–750	Medium and Large 1	720	310.25/cwt	295.00–320.00	2,234	11
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls2 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—	1,801	202.26/cwt	191.00–210.00	3,643	15
Bulls	—	—	1,810	213.99/cwt	213.00–215.00	3,873	3
Slaughter Cattle · Cows6 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	917	149.03/cwt	148.00–150.00	1,367	3
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,109	158.62/cwt	152.00–166.00	1,759	11
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,259	174.63/cwt	168.00–181.00	2,199	20
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,270	183.55/cwt	183.00–184.00	2,331	2
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,545	175.92/cwt	168.50–181.50	2,718	13
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,593	186.57/cwt	183.00–194.00	2,972	4
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows10 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Small 1-2	853	2,170.23/head	1,850.00–2,450.00	2,170	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 2-3	895	2,075.00/head	2,075.00–2,075.00	2,075	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,023	2,531.42/head	2,450.00–2,600.00	2,531	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,048	2,044.21/head	1,725.00–2,350.00	2,044	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,120	2,050.00/head	2,050.00–2,050.00	2,050	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,128	2,450.00/head	2,450.00–2,450.00	2,450	2
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,140	2,300.00/head	2,300.00–2,300.00	2,300	1
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,170	3,207.84/head	2,500.00–3,750.00	3,208	19
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,264	2,937.89/head	2,550.00–3,150.00	2,938	8
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,575	2,898.10/head	2,800.00–3,000.00	2,898	2
Replacement Cattle · Bred Heifers4 lots · lightest first
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	940	2,750.00/head	2,750.00–2,750.00	2,750	1
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	940	1,950.00/head	1,950.00–1,950.00	1,950	1
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,020	2,550.00/head	2,550.00–2,550.00	2,550	1
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,075	2,750.00/head	2,750.00–2,750.00	2,750	1
Replacement Cattle · Cow-Calf Pairs4 lots · lightest first
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	4,200.00/head	4,100.00–4,300.00	4,200	2
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	4,000.00/head	4,000.00–4,000.00	4,000	2
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	3,550.00/head	3,550.00–3,550.00	3,550	1
Cow-Calf Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	2,850.00/head	2,850.00–2,850.00	2,850	1
Replacement Cattle · Heifer Pairs2 lots · lightest first
Heifer Pairs	—	Medium and Large 1-2	—	3,600.00/head	3,600.00–3,600.00	3,600	1
Heifer Pairs	—	Small 1-2	—	3,100.00/head	3,100.00–3,100.00	3,100	1

This sale against other markets

Tennessee weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Tennessee auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Tennessee feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Knoxville Livestock Center - Knoxville, TN

Tue Aug 5, 2025

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Nashville, TN (LS-NV)

Feeder CattleReceipts 1,257Last week 965Year ago 608

Slaughter CattleReceipts 93Last week 46Year ago 70

Replacement CattleReceipts 65Last week 18Year ago 9

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
3	300–350	338	430.00–470.00	448.10
9	350–400	386	400.00–435.00	412.21
23	400–450	431	380.00–425.00	405.15
12	450–500	465	370.00–400.00	389.49
40	500–550	518	340.00–380.00	360.03
16	550–600	564	330.00–355.00	348.23
20	600–650	618	310.00–345.00	329.22
14	650–700	673	310.00–341.00	321.98
11	700–750	720	295.00–320.00	310.25

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	300–350	345	390.00	390.00
2	400–450	435	335.00	335.00
2	450–500	450	350.00	350.00
5	500–550	528	315.00	315.00
1	550–600	575	320.00	320.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
4	400–450	422	350.00	350.00
4	450–500	468	325.00–350.00	341.50
5	500–550	515	320.00	320.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
3	550–600	557	365.00–375.00	369.97

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
6	350–400	358	475.00–480.00	479.14

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
1	300–350	325	485.00	485.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
3	300–350	331	385.00–415.00	394.96
14	350–400	383	360.00–390.00	380.65
23	400–450	432	365.00–390.00	379.97
33	450–500	478	348.00–385.00	357.85
60	500–550	527	325.00–350.00	340.53
30	550–600	576	317.50–332.50	324.63
22	600–650	631	295.00–325.00	314.78
6	650–700	664	295.00–315.00	307.43
2	700–750	718	290.00–295.00	292.51
2	750–800	775	300.00	300.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	400–450	430	320.00	320.00
3	450–500	498	327.50	327.50
1	550–600	550	310.00	310.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
13	350–400	379	400.00–415.00	410.90
7	400–450	429	397.50–410.00	399.27
6	500–550	528	357.50	357.50
162	550–600	598	337.50–370.75	370.44
116	600–650	631	350.00–360.00	356.45
9	650–700	685	319.00	319.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
1	300–350	300	550.00	550.00
3	350–400	373	490.00	490.00
10	400–450	430	440.00–450.00	445.09
21	450–500	469	420.00–440.00	423.69
14	500–550	535	390.00–400.00	393.55
3	550–600	552	365.00–370.00	366.68
42	600–650	635	380.00–400.00	383.50
3	650–700	650	395.00	395.00
99	700–750	720	347.50–368.00	365.63
1	750–800	765	335.00	335.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
2	300–350	337	495.00	495.00
12	400–450	429	400.00–410.00	407.04
20	450–500	474	375.00–415.00	393.21
11	500–550	535	350.00–375.00	367.71
21	550–600	586	342.50–360.00	351.31
16	600–650	623	335.00–370.00	361.23
15	650–700	677	315.00–342.50	334.56
8	700–750	726	320.00–330.00	327.53
1	750–800	755	320.00	320.00
2	850–900	862	290.00	290.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	300–350	305	420.00	420.00
1	450–500	455	350.00	350.00
1	700–750	740	300.00	300.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	917	148.00–150.00	149.03
11	—	1,109	152.00–166.00	158.62

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	1,593	183.00–194.00	186.57
13	—	1,545	168.50–181.50	175.92

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	1,270	183.00–184.00	183.55
20	—	1,259	168.00–181.00	174.63

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	1,810	213.00–215.00	213.99
15	—	1,801	191.00–210.00	202.26

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	1,120	2,050.00	2,050.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	19	—	1,170	2,500.00–3,750.00	3,207.84
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	2	—	1,023	2,450.00–2,600.00	2,531.42
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,140	2,300.00	2,300.00
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	2	—	1,575	2,800.00–3,000.00	2,898.10
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	2	—	1,128	2,450.00	2,450.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	8	—	1,264	2,550.00–3,150.00	2,937.89
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	2	—	1,048	1,725.00–2,350.00	2,044.21

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 2-3$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	895	2,075.00	2,075.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Small 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	2	—	853	1,850.00–2,450.00	2,170.23

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	1	—	940	1,950.00	1,950.00
(<2 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	1,020	2,550.00	2,550.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	1	—	940	2,750.00	2,750.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	1,075	2,750.00	2,750.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · n/c wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	2	—	—	4,000.00	4,000.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	—	3,550.00	3,550.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	Open	1	—	—	2,850.00	2,850.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	1st Stage (1-3 mo)	2	—	—	4,100.00–4,300.00	4,200.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifer Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · n/c wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	—	3,600.00	3,600.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifer Pairs — Small 1-2$ per head · n/c wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	—	3,100.00	3,100.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.