Sale reports / Montana / Miles City Livestock Commission / 2023-11-14

Miles City Livestock Commission

Name: Miles City Livestock Commission livestock auction prices — 2023-11-14
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2023-11-14

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Miles City, Montana · Tue, Nov 14

● Final87 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 1773

← Nov 7Nov 14Nov 21 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

4,036 head

▲ 2,121 vs last sale 1,915▲ 1,317 vs year ago 2,719 · +48.4%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

1,382 head

▲ 456 vs last sale 926▲ 1,065 vs year ago 317 · +336.0%

Replacement Cattle receipts

378 head

▲ 75 vs last sale 303▲ 301 vs year ago 77 · +390.9%

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last week: Yearling steers were too lightly tested to develop any market trend. Steer calves under 450 lbs sold sharply lower with most sales 15.00-25.00 lower, steers over 450 lbs sold unevenly steady with front end calves selling higher and plain to average quality calves selling lower. Yearling heifers were too lightly tested to develop an accurate market trend, however lower undertones were noticed. Heifer calves under 450 lbs sold mostly 10.00 lower. Heifers over 450 lbs sold unevenly steady, with front end calves selling higher and plain to average quality calves selling lower. Quality was mostly attractive to very attractive this week and offered buyers some of the best quality of the fall for this auction. Many load lots were seen this week and demand was mostly good to very good for all cattle offered in load lot quantity. Calves suitable to go to grass sold on moderate demand this week, significantly lighter demand than has been seen in recent weeks. Fewer takers were seen for grass calves as some buyers took a week off from buying following sharply lower CME contract prices. Calves with two rounds of vaccinations sold with very good demand, especially for heifers and light weight steers. Very high quality calves sold on good demand regardless of vaccination status. CME positions traded with triple digit gains today on all contracts except the nearby November. The Nearby November closed at 230.05, 2.175 lower than last Tuesday, while the January closed at 229.00, 1.825 lower than last Tuesdays close. Market activity was mostly active today with a large buyer pool on hand of both ranchers and order buyers. Weigh up cows sold on mostly light to moderate demand and heavy offerings. Demand for slaughter cows was mostly light this week as all packers showed lighter demand for cows for immediate harvest. Heavy supplies of cows across the Northern tier of the country are being seen as many cows are testing open. Breaking slaughter cows were not well compared this week as most were purchased to feed. Boning cows were too lightly tested to develop a full market trend, however lower undertones were noticed. Lean cows sold mostly 2.00-4.00 lower on a lower yielding offering. A large portion of the cow offering was purchased to feed this week. High quality feeding cows, suitable to feed to premium white sold mostly 5.00-6.00 lower. Thin feeding or turn out cows sold steady to firm and got higher as the sale progressed as many buyers were looking for this class of cows to feed. Many thin low dressing or very low dressing cows seen this week. Slaughter bulls were too lightly tested to develop an accurate market trend, however steady undertones were noticed on a poorer quality offering. Weigh up conditions were mixed this week. Young age cows sold fully steady. Quality this week was average to attractive.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Steers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb steers averaged $305.54/cwt on 1,952 head.

Average price

$305.54

1,952 head · 475 lb average

Value per head Derived

$1,451

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$817

per head · Medium and Large 1 over Medium 2

$153.81/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+18.72

vs MT average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1	477	311.32	1,484	1,705
Medium 1	477	299.00	1,426	15thin
Medium and Large 1-2	460	297.83	1,369	149
Large 1	491	275.00	1,350	8thin
Medium and Large 2	476	274.00	1,304	16thin
Medium 1-2	653	237.00	1,548	11thin
Medium 2	423	157.51	667	48

One grade step is worth $153.81/cwt here — about $817 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale1,952 hd

305.54

—

MT average5 barns · 6,303 hd

286.82

+18.72

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	Low	1,642	103.59	1,701	35
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,665	94.56	1,574	9thin
Cows	Boner 80-85%	Low	1,417	83.48	1,183	62
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Average	1,130	75.83	857	606

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	1,340	$1,275	11
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,402	$1,210	20
Bred Cows	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,196	$1,200	11

Every lot

87 lots · USDA AMS · Miles City Livestock Commission Auction - Miles City, MT

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers25 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	287	375.00/cwt	375.00–375.00	1,076	13
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	328	365.47/cwt	358.00–382.50	1,199	87
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	338	342.90/cwt	335.00–357.50	1,159	22
Steers	—	Medium 2Unweaned	348	170.00/cwt	170.00–170.00	592	10
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	374	358.68/cwt	342.50–365.00	1,341	198
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	377	325.75/cwt	319.00–327.50	1,228	22
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	387	340.94/cwt	340.50–343.00	1,319	32
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	421	300.57/cwt	293.00–304.00	1,265	16
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	435	311.38/cwt	302.00–347.50	1,355	319
Steers	—	Medium 2Unweaned	443	154.22/cwt	152.50–160.00	683	38
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	462	325.00/cwt	325.00–325.00	1,502	86
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2Unweaned	476	274.00/cwt	274.00–274.00	1,304	16
Steers	—	Medium 1Unweaned	477	299.00/cwt	299.00–299.00	1,426	15
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	479	307.69/cwt	297.50–316.00	1,474	221
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	489	285.01/cwt	281.00–292.00	1,394	17
Steers	—	Large 1Unweaned	491	275.00/cwt	275.00–275.00	1,350	8
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Thin Fleshed	508	321.00/cwt	321.00–321.00	1,631	56
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	521	275.52/cwt	271.00–284.00	1,435	14
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	522	297.13/cwt	284.00–312.00	1,551	408
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	552	292.00/cwt	292.00–292.00	1,612	78
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	573	277.94/cwt	262.00–284.00	1,593	164
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	579	254.00/cwt	251.00–255.00	1,471	31
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	620	254.11/cwt	251.00–273.50	1,575	56
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	624	243.22/cwt	239.00–245.00	1,518	14
Steers	—	Medium 1-2	653	237.00/cwt	237.00–237.00	1,548	11
Feeder Cattle · Heifers34 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	288	315.00/cwt	315.00–315.00	907	12
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	290	330.00/cwt	330.00–330.00	957	1
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	315	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	945	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	323	273.24/cwt	272.00–274.00	883	21
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	327	303.23/cwt	280.00–320.00	992	112
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	343	262.50/cwt	262.50–262.50	900	12
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	372	313.00/cwt	313.00–313.00	1,164	28
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	381	306.00/cwt	306.00–306.00	1,166	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	383	257.02/cwt	252.00–279.00	984	50
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	392	263.00/cwt	263.00–263.00	1,031	39
Heifers	—	Medium 2Unweaned	396	135.96/cwt	135.00–137.50	538	31
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	409	307.00/cwt	307.00–307.00	1,256	67
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	418	281.57/cwt	276.00–293.00	1,177	216
Heifers	—	Large 1Unweaned	447	245.00/cwt	245.00–245.00	1,095	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2Unweaned	449	236.00/cwt	236.00–236.00	1,060	17
Heifers	—	Large 1Unweaned	452	255.00/cwt	255.00–255.00	1,153	9
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	477	259.90/cwt	252.00–269.00	1,240	29
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	481	280.75/cwt	263.00–288.00	1,350	285
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Fancy	520	281.00/cwt	281.00–281.00	1,461	13
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	525	265.46/cwt	257.00–276.00	1,394	126
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2Unweaned	529	238.43/cwt	224.00–249.00	1,261	12
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Replacement	537	268.00/cwt	268.00–268.00	1,439	55
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	564	235.33/cwt	221.00–256.00	1,327	42
Heifers	—	Medium 1	575	237.00/cwt	237.00–237.00	1,363	22
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2Unweaned	578	185.00/cwt	185.00–185.00	1,069	2
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Replacement	581	222.50/cwt	222.50–222.50	1,293	27
Heifers	—	Medium 1	641	238.77/cwt	238.00–239.50	1,531	183
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	717	217.00/cwt	217.00–217.00	1,556	23
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	776	201.05/cwt	200.00–206.50	1,560	19
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	820	208.51/cwt	206.00–211.00	1,710	14
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	870	201.00/cwt	201.00–201.00	1,749	3
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	895	205.00/cwt	205.00–205.00	1,835	8
Heifers	—	Large 1	938	181.00/cwt	181.00–181.00	1,698	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	994	196.50/cwt	196.50–196.50	1,953	31
Feeder Cattle · Bulls1 lot · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1Unweaned	337	327.50/cwt	327.50–327.50	1,104	3
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls4 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—Return to Feed	1,533	106.95/cwt	106.00–112.50	1,640	15
Bulls	—	—Return to Feed	1,570	98.67/cwt	91.00–103.50	1,549	7
Bulls	—	—	1,779	105.11/cwt	103.00–109.00	1,870	6
Bulls	—	—	1,831	100.00/cwt	92.00–104.00	1,831	7
Slaughter Cattle · Cows15 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Light Weight	905	51.58/cwt	50.00–52.50	467	4
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Light Weight	935	61.00/cwt	61.00–61.00	570	1
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,020	80.00/cwt	80.00–80.00	816	1
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,083	55.38/cwt	45.00–58.00	600	43
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Return to Feed	1,097	77.98/cwt	68.00–86.00	855	300
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,133	68.25/cwt	60.00–79.00	773	104
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Return to Feed	1,211	85.36/cwt	80.00–91.00	1,034	139
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Return to Feed	1,236	61.89/cwt	54.00–65.00	765	14
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%Return to Feed	1,401	79.09/cwt	74.00–84.50	1,108	27
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%Return to Feed	1,414	88.46/cwt	85.00–95.50	1,251	28
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,460	87.00/cwt	87.00–87.00	1,270	1
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%Return to Feed	1,495	98.00/cwt	98.00–98.00	1,465	1
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,500	75.64/cwt	69.00–82.00	1,135	5
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,593	97.00/cwt	97.00–97.00	1,545	2
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%Return to Feed	1,685	93.86/cwt	93.50–96.00	1,582	7
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows4 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,196	1,200.00/head	1,200.00–1,200.00	1,200	11
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,340	1,275.00/head	1,275.00–1,275.00	1,275	11
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1Broken Mouth	1,402	1,210.00/head	1,210.00–1,210.00	1,210	20
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	1,424	95.50/cwt	95.50–95.50	1,360	8
Replacement Cattle · Stock Cows4 lots · lightest first
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	807	150.10/cwt	136.00–154.00	1,211	5
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	887	165.23/cwt	132.50–181.00	1,466	51
Stock Cows	—	Large 1	915	120.00/cwt	120.00–120.00	1,098	1
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	960	136.04/cwt	91.00–154.00	1,306	151

This sale against other markets

Montana weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Montana auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Montana feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Miles City Livestock Commission Auction - Miles City, MT

Tue Nov 14, 2023

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Billings, MT (LS-BL)

Feeder CattleReceipts 4,036Last week 1,915Year ago 2,719

Slaughter CattleReceipts 1,382Last week 926Year ago 317

Replacement CattleReceipts 378Last week 303Year ago 77

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	870	201.00	201.00
39	—	392	263.00	263.00
19	—	776	200.00–206.50	201.05
12	—	343	262.50	262.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
50	—	383	252.00–279.00	257.02
12	—	288	315.00	315.00
29	—	477	252.00–269.00	259.90
21	—	323	272.00–274.00	273.24
12	—	529	224.00–249.00	238.43

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
9	—	452	255.00	255.00
3	—	447	245.00	245.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
112	—	327	280.00–320.00	303.23
9	—	381	306.00	306.00
42	—	564	221.00–256.00	235.33
216	—	418	276.00–293.00	281.57
1	—	290	330.00	330.00
126	—	525	257.00–276.00	265.46
285	—	481	263.00–288.00	280.75

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
17	—	449	236.00	236.00
2	—	578	185.00	185.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	895	205.00	205.00
67	—	409	307.00	307.00
31	—	994	196.50	196.50
4	—	315	300.00	300.00
14	—	820	206.00–211.00	208.51
28	—	372	313.00	313.00
23	—	717	217.00	217.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium 1$ per cwt · actual wt
183	—	641	238.00–239.50	238.77
22	—	575	237.00	237.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Replacement$ per cwt · actual wt
27	—	581	222.50	222.50
55	—	537	268.00	268.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	938	181.00	181.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
13	—	520	281.00	281.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
31	—	396	135.00–137.50	135.96

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
11	—	653	237.00	237.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
16	—	421	293.00–304.00	300.57
22	—	338	335.00–357.50	342.90
14	—	521	271.00–284.00	275.52
13	—	287	375.00	375.00
14	—	624	239.00–245.00	243.22
17	—	489	281.00–292.00	285.01
22	—	377	319.00–327.50	325.75
31	—	579	251.00–255.00	254.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
221	—	479	297.50–316.00	307.69
87	—	328	358.00–382.50	365.47
198	—	374	342.50–365.00	358.68
408	—	522	284.00–312.00	297.13
56	—	620	251.00–273.50	254.11
319	—	435	302.00–347.50	311.38
164	—	573	262.00–284.00	277.94

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
78	—	552	292.00	292.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
56	—	508	321.00	321.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
16	—	476	274.00	274.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
86	—	462	325.00	325.00
32	—	387	340.50–343.00	340.94

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
15	—	477	299.00	299.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	491	275.00	275.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
38	—	443	152.50–160.00	154.22
10	—	348	170.00	170.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	337	327.50	327.50

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90% · Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
139	—	1,211	80.00–91.00	85.36
300	—	1,097	68.00–86.00	77.98
14	—	1,236	54.00–65.00	61.89

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
5	—	1,500	69.00–82.00	75.64
1	—	1,460	87.00	87.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90% · Light Weight$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	935	61.00	61.00
4	—	905	50.00–52.50	51.58

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85% · Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
28	—	1,414	85.00–95.50	88.46
1	—	1,495	98.00	98.00
27	—	1,401	74.00–84.50	79.09

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	1,593	97.00	97.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
43	—	1,083	45.00–58.00	55.38
104	—	1,133	60.00–79.00	68.25
1	—	1,020	80.00	80.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80% · Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	1,685	93.50–96.00	93.86

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	1,831	92.00–104.00	100.00
6	—	1,779	103.00–109.00	105.11

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
15	—	1,533	106.00–112.50	106.95
7	—	1,570	91.00–103.50	98.67

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	11	—	1,340	1,275.00	1,275.00
Young (2-4 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	11	—	1,196	1,200.00	1,200.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1 · Broken Mouth$ per head · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	20	—	1,402	1,210.00	1,210.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)	2nd Stage (4-6 mo)	8	—	1,424	95.50	95.50

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	Open	51	—	887	132.50–181.00	165.23
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	151	—	960	91.00–154.00	136.04

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	Open	5	—	807	136.00–154.00	150.10

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	Open	1	—	915	120.00	120.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.