Sale reports / Montana / Miles City Livestock Commission / 2024-02-20

Miles City Livestock Commission

Name: Miles City Livestock Commission livestock auction prices — 2024-02-20
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2024-02-20

Feeder Cattle · Slaughter Cattle · Replacement Cattle · Miles City, Montana · Tue, Feb 20

● Final82 lots reportedUSDA AMS · slug 1773

← Feb 13Feb 20Feb 27 →

Feeder Cattle receipts

985 head

▲ 453 vs last sale 532▲ 776 vs year ago 209 · +371.3%

Slaughter Cattle receipts

375 head

▲ 193 vs last sale 182▲ 206 vs year ago 169 · +121.9%

Replacement Cattle receipts

610 head

▲ 576 vs last sale 34▼ 166 vs year ago 776 · −21.4%

View

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last sale: Feeder steers and heifers were too lightly tested last week to develop a full market trend, however unevenly steady undertones were noticed on steers and steady to firm undertones were noticed on heifers. Demand was mostly moderate to good for light to moderate offerings. Quality this week was mostly plain to average with a limited offering of attractive offerings seen. Most cattle were long weaned from 45-100 days. Package sizes were mostly small this week, however one part load and one full load were seen. CME positions continue to push higher as strong prices were seen both today and last Friday. The March contract closed today at 251.375, 3.375 higher than last Tuesdays close. The April closed at 255.35 today, 3.60 higher than last Tuesdays close. Market activity was mostly moderate to active this week. Weigh up cows sold on mostly good to very good demand for light offerings. Demand for slaughter cows was good to very good as packers pushed to fill loads on light offerings. Slaughter cows sold mostly 2.00-4.00 higher on breaking cows. Boning cows sold mostly 5.00-9.00 higher in a narrow comparison, lean cows were not well compared as most cows sold to feeding buyers this week. Private feeding cow buyers were very aggressive this week. Feeding cows sold mostly 5.00-10.00 higher as packers and feeding cow buyers both bid aggressive over offerings. Slaughter bulls were too lightly tested to develop a full market trend, however steady to higher undertones were noticed. Weigh up conditions were mixed today. Several sets of fed cows sold this week. Demand for fed cows remains very good. Fed cow offerings were mixed for breaking and premium white, some breaking cows were purchased to return to feed as they needed more days on feed to grade white. Young age cows were too lightly tested last week to develop a full market trend, however higher undertones were noticed as both feeding and rebreed buyers showed good demand for young offerings. A moderate offering of bred cows and heifers sold in todays sale. Demand was good to very good for all bred cows and heifers on offer. The stands were packed for the bred cow portion of the sale. Broken mouth cows sold on very good demand as ranchers hope to get one to two more calf crops out of them. Salvage value for slaughter cows has also improved as well which helped push this class of cows higher.

Weight class — the figures below change to match

Weight classPick one — the panels below update

Steers · summary 0–100 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

0–100 lb steers averaged $306.60/cwt on 606 head.

Average price

$306.60

606 head · 575 lb average

Value per head Derived

$1,762

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

−$353

per head · Medium 1-2 over Large 1-2

$66.00/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+2.69

vs MT average

Price by quality 0–100 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium 1-2	381	331.00	1,261	5thin
Medium and Large 2	453	312.50	1,416	11thin
Medium 1	499	310.78	1,551	45
Medium and Large 1	605	306.34	1,853	365
Medium and Large 1-2	544	305.94	1,663	176
Large 1-2	609	265.00	1,614	4thin

One grade step is worth $66.00/cwt here — about −$353 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 0–100 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

How it compared 0–100 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale606 hd

306.60

—

MT average3 barns · 1,414 hd

303.91

+2.69

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	Average	1,686	117.48	1,981	18
Cows	Premium White 65-75%	Average	1,544	111.83	1,727	89
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,488	110.60	1,645	53
Cows	Boner 80-85%	Average	1,392	110.06	1,532	132
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Low	1,140	100.23	1,143	74

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Young (2-4 yrs)	1,019	$2,375	7
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)	1,517	$2,175	9
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Aged (>8 yrs)	1,362	$2,081	220
Bred Heifers	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	(<2 yrs)	1,054	$2,791	221

Every lot

82 lots · USDA AMS · Miles City Livestock Commission Auction - Miles City, MT

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added. Grouped by class and set lightest first; USDA files them in sale-ring order.

Class	Weight	Grade / description	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Feeder Cattle · Steers27 lots · lightest first
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	337	355.00/cwt	355.00–355.00	1,196	10
Steers	—	Medium 1-2	381	331.00/cwt	331.00–331.00	1,261	5
Steers	—	Medium 1	382	332.50/cwt	332.50–332.50	1,270	8
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	413	346.94/cwt	345.00–351.50	1,433	29
Steers	—	Medium 1	422	324.02/cwt	320.00–331.00	1,367	11
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	423	331.67/cwt	330.00–337.50	1,403	13
Steers	—	Medium and Large 2	453	312.50/cwt	312.50–312.50	1,416	11
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	471	340.11/cwt	332.00–344.00	1,602	6
Steers	—	Medium 1	478	321.00/cwt	321.00–321.00	1,534	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	484	326.07/cwt	322.00–331.00	1,578	42
Steers	—	Medium 1	517	325.00/cwt	325.00–325.00	1,680	3
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	528	326.96/cwt	326.00–331.00	1,726	15
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	535	315.47/cwt	313.00–319.00	1,688	51
Steers	—	Medium 1	569	293.00/cwt	293.00–293.00	1,667	6
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	583	296.44/cwt	293.50–310.00	1,728	19
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	584	315.19/cwt	313.00–321.00	1,841	157
Steers	—	Large 1-2	609	265.00/cwt	265.00–265.00	1,614	4
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	614	298.00/cwt	298.00–298.00	1,830	15
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	615	292.98/cwt	292.00–294.00	1,802	18
Steers	—	Medium 1	630	282.00/cwt	282.00–282.00	1,777	11
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Thin Fleshed	651	298.25/cwt	298.25–298.25	1,942	90
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	655	287.29/cwt	280.00–290.50	1,882	30
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	669	272.00/cwt	272.00–272.00	1,820	5
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1	736	261.58/cwt	253.00–263.00	1,925	7
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	762	218.57/cwt	217.50–219.00	1,666	18
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	843	227.00/cwt	227.00–227.00	1,914	12
Steers	—	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	924	209.50/cwt	209.50–209.50	1,936	4
Feeder Cattle · Heifers15 lots · lightest first
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 2	330	315.00/cwt	315.00–315.00	1,040	2
Heifers	—	Medium 1-2	330	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	990	6
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	386	332.50/cwt	332.50–332.50	1,283	6
Heifers	—	Medium 1	389	327.48/cwt	321.00–329.00	1,274	30
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	394	324.58/cwt	324.00–327.50	1,279	12
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	403	340.00/cwt	340.00–340.00	1,370	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	430	320.04/cwt	317.00–322.50	1,376	18
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	474	314.93/cwt	304.00–325.00	1,493	32
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	487	307.00/cwt	307.00–307.00	1,495	13
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	532	295.94/cwt	295.50–297.00	1,574	44
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	589	260.00/cwt	260.00–260.00	1,531	5
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	623	270.60/cwt	270.00–271.00	1,686	29
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Replacement	657	260.00/cwt	260.00–260.00	1,708	28
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	688	221.00/cwt	221.00–221.00	1,520	4
Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1Fleshy	822	209.00/cwt	209.00–209.00	1,718	8
Feeder Cattle · Bulls2 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1-2	655	225.00/cwt	225.00–225.00	1,474	3
Bulls	—	Medium and Large 1	665	240.00/cwt	240.00–240.00	1,596	1
Slaughter Cattle · Bulls6 lots · lightest first
Bulls	—	—Light Weight	1,358	101.09/cwt	91.50–112.00	1,373	2
Bulls	—	—	1,623	110.42/cwt	108.00–115.00	1,792	3
Bulls	—	—Natural	1,630	115.58/cwt	113.00–118.00	1,884	2
Bulls	—	—	1,758	120.12/cwt	117.50–126.00	2,112	7
Bulls	—	—Natural	1,759	124.38/cwt	119.00–127.00	2,188	3
Bulls	—	—	1,920	136.00/cwt	136.00–136.00	2,611	1
Slaughter Cattle · Cows15 lots · lightest first
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Light Weight	825	98.00/cwt	98.00–98.00	809	1
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Light Weight	967	86.66/cwt	86.00–88.00	838	3
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Return to Feed	1,137	99.68/cwt	91.00–103.00	1,133	26
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%Return to Feed	1,145	108.25/cwt	104.00–110.50	1,239	24
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,177	92.99/cwt	84.00–102.00	1,094	19
Cows	—	Lean 85-90%	1,230	102.50/cwt	102.50–102.50	1,261	1
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,381	104.01/cwt	102.00–108.00	1,436	4
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%	1,387	110.44/cwt	110.00–111.50	1,532	9
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%Return to Feed	1,391	110.30/cwt	109.50–112.00	1,534	115
Cows	—	Boner 80-85%Return to Feed	1,433	108.38/cwt	108.00–109.50	1,553	4
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,467	110.85/cwt	110.00–114.00	1,626	44
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%Return to Feed	1,533	110.00/cwt	110.00–110.00	1,686	7
Cows	—	Premium White 65-75%	1,544	111.83/cwt	110.00–113.25	1,727	89
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%Return to Feed	1,645	106.00/cwt	106.00–106.00	1,744	1
Cows	—	Breaker 75-80%	1,920	108.50/cwt	108.50–108.50	2,083	1
Replacement Cattle · Stock Cows6 lots · lightest first
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	843	170.64/cwt	155.00–186.00	1,438	2
Stock Cows	—	Medium 1	860	181.00/cwt	181.00–181.00	1,557	1
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	878	200.37/cwt	161.00–212.00	1,759	19
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	940	131.09/cwt	109.00–140.00	1,232	5
Stock Cows	—	Large 1	1,052	155.05/cwt	146.00–175.00	1,631	3
Stock Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	1,121	140.72/cwt	110.00–163.00	1,577	31
Replacement Cattle · Bred Cows8 lots · lightest first
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,019	2,375.00/head	2,375.00–2,375.00	2,375	7
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1Thin Fleshed	1,166	1,905.12/head	1,750.00–2,000.00	1,905	36
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1Thin Fleshed	1,249	103.00/cwt	103.00–103.00	1,286	7
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1Broken Mouth	1,362	118.00/cwt	118.00–118.00	1,607	9
Bred Cows	—	Large 1Broken Mouth	1,394	1,725.00/head	1,725.00–1,725.00	1,725	9
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1Broken Mouth	1,398	2,149.90/head	2,125.00–2,185.00	2,150	143
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1-2Broken Mouth	1,416	2,069.06/head	2,050.00–2,085.00	2,069	32
Bred Cows	—	Medium and Large 1	1,517	2,175.00/head	2,175.00–2,175.00	2,175	9
Replacement Cattle · Bred Heifers3 lots · lightest first
Bred Heifers	—	Medium 1	911	2,496.68/head	2,150.00–2,650.00	2,497	26
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1-2	1,029	2,475.00/head	2,475.00–2,475.00	2,475	5
Bred Heifers	—	Medium and Large 1	1,074	2,839.88/head	2,650.00–2,900.00	2,840	190

This sale against other markets

Montana weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Montana auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Montana feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Miles City Livestock Commission Auction - Miles City, MT

Tue Feb 20, 2024

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Billings, MT (LS-BL)

Feeder CattleReceipts 985Last week 532Year ago 209

Slaughter CattleReceipts 375Last week 182Year ago 169

Replacement CattleReceipts 610Last week 34Year ago 776

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
32	—	474	304.00–325.00	314.93
29	—	623	270.00–271.00	270.60
44	—	532	295.50–297.00	295.94
5	—	403	340.00	340.00
6	—	386	332.50	332.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
12	—	394	324.00–327.50	324.58
4	—	688	221.00	221.00
18	—	430	317.00–322.50	320.04
13	—	487	307.00	307.00
5	—	589	260.00	260.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	330	300.00	300.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	330	315.00	315.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	822	209.00	209.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium 1$ per cwt · actual wt
30	—	389	321.00–329.00	327.48

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Replacement$ per cwt · actual wt
28	—	657	260.00	260.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium 1$ per cwt · actual wt
6	—	569	293.00	293.00
8	—	382	332.50	332.50
11	—	630	282.00	282.00
6	—	478	321.00	321.00
3	—	517	325.00	325.00
11	—	422	320.00–331.00	324.02

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	924	209.50	209.50
12	—	843	227.00	227.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
18	—	615	292.00–294.00	292.98
51	—	535	313.00–319.00	315.47
42	—	484	322.00–331.00	326.07
10	—	337	355.00	355.00
5	—	669	272.00	272.00
18	—	762	217.50–219.00	218.57
13	—	423	330.00–337.50	331.67
19	—	583	293.50–310.00	296.44

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
11	—	453	312.50	312.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
5	—	381	331.00	331.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
15	—	528	326.00–331.00	326.96
7	—	736	253.00–263.00	261.58
30	—	655	280.00–290.50	287.29
29	—	413	345.00–351.50	346.94
157	—	584	313.00–321.00	315.19
6	—	471	332.00–344.00	340.11
15	—	614	298.00	298.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	609	265.00	265.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
90	—	651	298.25	298.25

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	655	225.00	225.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	665	240.00	240.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
19	—	1,177	84.00–102.00	92.99
1	—	1,230	102.50	102.50

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
9	—	1,387	110.00–111.50	110.44
4	—	1,381	102.00–108.00	104.01

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85% · Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
115	—	1,391	109.50–112.00	110.30
4	—	1,433	108.00–109.50	108.38

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90% · Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
24	—	1,145	104.00–110.50	108.25
26	—	1,137	91.00–103.00	99.68

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80% · Return to Feed$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	1,533	110.00	110.00
1	—	1,645	106.00	106.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Lean 85-90% · Light Weight$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	967	86.00–88.00	86.66
1	—	825	98.00	98.00

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,920	108.50	108.50
44	—	1,467	110.00–114.00	110.85

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Premium White 65-75%$ per cwt · actual wt
89	—	1,544	110.00–113.25	111.83

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
7	—	1,758	117.50–126.00	120.12
1	—	1,920	136.00	136.00
3	—	1,623	108.00–115.00	110.42

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Natural$ per cwt · actual wt
3	—	1,759	119.00–127.00	124.38
2	—	1,630	113.00–118.00	115.58

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bulls — Light Weight$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	1,358	91.50–112.00	101.09

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	Open	2	—	843	155.00–186.00	170.64
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	5	—	940	109.00–140.00	131.09

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	Open	19	—	878	161.00–212.00	200.37
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	31	—	1,121	110.00–163.00	140.72

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	Open	3	—	1,052	146.00–175.00	155.05

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Stock Cows — Medium 1$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	Open	1	—	860	181.00	181.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1 · Broken Mouth$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	9	—	1,362	118.00	118.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	143	—	1,398	2,125.00–2,185.00	2,149.90

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1$ per head · actual wt
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	9	—	1,517	2,175.00	2,175.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	7	—	1,019	2,375.00	2,375.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	7	—	1,249	103.00	103.00
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	36	—	1,166	1,750.00–2,000.00	1,905.12

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2 · Broken Mouth$ per head · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	32	—	1,416	2,050.00–2,085.00	2,069.06

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Large 1 · Broken Mouth$ per head · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	9	—	1,394	1,725.00	1,725.00

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Medium 1$ per head · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	26	—	911	2,150.00–2,650.00	2,496.68

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per head · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	190	—	1,074	2,650.00–2,900.00	2,839.88

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
(<2 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	5	—	1,029	2,475.00	2,475.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.